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MSD MANUAL
Veterinary Manual
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Veterinary
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Circulatory System
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Cardiovascular System Introduction
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Cardiovascular System Introduction
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The Cardiovascular System in Animals
Heart Rate and the Electrocardiogram
Force of Ventricular Contraction
Oxygen and the Myocardium
Hindrance to Blood Flow
Key Points
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References
Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System in Animals
Murmur Genesis and Significance
Valvular Disease
Myocardial Disease
Arrhythmias
Vascular Disease
Cardiac Shunts
Heartworm Disease
Common Endpoints of Heart Disease
Heart Failure
Key Points
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Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease in Animals
Key Points
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Principles of Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease in Animals
Therapeutic Agents
Key Points
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References