Virus Species or Variant | Geographic Location | Most Important Reservoir |
---|---|---|
Alphaviruses | ||
EEEV | Eastern North America, primarily east of Mississippi River | Birds |
Madariaga virus | South America, Caribbean | Rodents |
Western equine encephalitis virus | Western North America, Central and South America | Birds, rabbits, and snakes |
Highlands J virus | Eastern North America (as for EEEV) | Birds |
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Central and South America, Caribbean | Cotton rat and other rodents |
Everglades virus | South Florida (US) | Rodents |
Ross River virus | Australia, Papua New Guinea | Marsupial and placental mammals |
Semliki Forest virus | East and West Africa | Unknown |
Una virus | South America | Birds |
Flaviviruses | ||
Japanese encephalitis | Asia: particularly India and Russia; Western Pacific | Birds, swine |
Murray Valley | Australia, Papua New Guinea | Birds, marsupials, and foxes |
Kunjin virus | Australia | Birds (herons and ibis) |
St. Louis encephalitis | North, Central, and South America | Birds |
Usutu virus | Europe, Africa | Birds |
West Nile virus | Africa; Middle East; Europe; North, Central, and South America; Australia | Passerine birds |
Louping ill virus | Iberian Peninsula, UK | Sheep, grouse |
Powassan virus | North America, Russia | Lagomorphs, rodents, mice, skunks |
Tickborne encephalitis | Asia, Europe: particularly Finland and Russia | Small rodents |
EEEV, eastern equine encephalitis virus. |