Infectious Causes of Anemia
Infectious Agent | Species Affected | Hemolytic | Marrow Affected |
|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | |||
Clostridium perfringens A | Cattle, sheep | Yes | No |
Clostridium haemolyticum | Cattle, sheep | Yes | No |
Leptospira interrogans | Cattle, pigs, sheep | Yes | No |
Mycoplasma spp | Cats | ± | Rarely |
Haemobartonella spp | Cattle, cats | ± | No |
Viruses | |||
Equine infectious anemia virus | Horses | ± | Rarely |
Feline leukemia virus | Cats | ± | Yes |
Feline immunodeficiency virus | Cats | No | Yes |
Rickettsia | |||
Mycoplasma spp | Cattle, goats, llamas, pigs, sheepa | Yes (piglets only) | No |
Anaplasma spp | Cattle, goats, sheep | Yes | No |
Ehrlichia spp | Dogs | Yes | Yes |
Protozoa | |||
Babesia spp | Cattle, cats, dogs, horses, sheep | Yes | No |
Theileria sppb | Cattle, goats, sheep | ± | No |
Cytauxzoon spp | Cats | No | Yes |
Trypanosoma spp | Cattle, horses, pigs | Yes | No |
Sarcocystis cruzi | Cattle | Yes | No |
a In adults, only clinically relevant in splenectomized or critically ill animals. | |||
b Pathogenic species of Theileria are found in Africa, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Asia, and Europe. Species found in North America are nonpathogenic. | |||