Common Congenital Cardiovascular Defects in Domestic Livestock
Species | Most Common Defects |
|---|---|
Cattle | Ventricular septal defect, ectopic heart, ventricular hypoplasia |
Sheep | Ventricular septal defect |
Pigs | Tricuspid valve dysplasia, atrial septal defect, subaortic stenosis |
Horses | Ventricular septal defect, PDA, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia |