Butorphanol

0.5–3 mg/kg, IM or intranasal (IN), q 4– 8 h

Celecoxib

10–30 mg/kg, PO, daily to 2 times a day

Essential fatty acids

0.22–044 mL/kg, PO, daily

Flax seed oil

0.1–0.2 mL/kg, PO, daily

Gabapentin

10–25 mg/kg, PO, a day 2 to 3 times a day

Glucosamine

20 mg/kg, PO, 2 times a day, or 35 mg/kg, PO, daily to every other day

Meloxicam

1 mg/kg, PO, daily to 2 times a day

Polysulfated glycosaminoglycan

5 mg/kg, IM, once weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly

Use with caution: fatal coagulopathies from injection have occurred in birds

Robenacoxib

2–10 mg/kg, IM, weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly for avian bornavirus or arthritis