Parameter | Natural Service | Artificial Insemination |
---|---|---|
Ejaculate volume | ≥80–150 mL for sperm-rich fraction and ≥200–400 mL for whole ejaculate | |
Color | Opaque to white (vulvar discharge) | Opaque to white |
Total sperm numbers | >35 × 109 sperm/ejaculate | >35–100 × 109 sperm/ejaculate |
Concentration | 200–500 sperm × 106/mL depending on ejaculate volume collected | |
Sample motility | >60% | >70%–90% |
Abnormal morphology (including cytoplasmic droplets) | < 25% | < 20%–25% |
Cytoplasmic droplets (both proximal and distal) | < 15% | < 15%–20% |