MSD Manual
Please confirm that you are a health care professional
Yes
No
honeypot link
skip to main content
MSD
Manual
Veterinary Manual
The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955
A
A
A
Search
Search
A-Z
A
A
A
HOME
VETERINARY CONTENT
Common Veterinary Topics
Behavior
Circulatory System
Clinical Pathology and Procedures
Digestive System
Dog Owners
Ear Disorders
Emergency Medicine and Critical Care
Endocrine System
Exotic and Laboratory Animals
Eye Diseases and Disorders
Generalized Conditions
Immune System
Integumentary System
Management and Nutrition
Metabolic Disorders
Musculoskeletal System
Nervous System
Pharmacology
Poultry
Public Health
Reproductive System
Respiratory System
Special Subjects
Toxicology
Urinary System
Resources
Videos
Figures
Images
Quizzes
View All Resources
PET HEALTH & WELLNESS
Understanding Your Pet's Health
Dog Owners
Cat Owners
Horse Owners
Bird Owners
All Other Pets
Special Subjects
User Guide
Glossary
RESOURCES
Abbreviations
Audio
Case Studies
Clinical Calculators
Figures
Glossary
Images
Infographics
Quizzes
Reference Guides
Tables
Videos
QUIZZES & CASES
Quizzes
More Quizzes
Cases
More Case Studies
ABOUT
Overview
History
The Manuals Staff
Editorial Board and Reviewers
Contributors
Content Providers
Partners
User Guide
Social Media
FAQ
Contact Us
Disclaimer
Privacy
Terms of use
Contact Us
Human Health Manuals
VETERINARY
PET
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Veterinary
/
Special Subjects
/
...
/
Animal Welfare
/
Animal Welfare
Expand all
Collapse all
Animal Welfare
Laws and Regulations
Assessment
Measurement of Physiology, Behavior, and Emotions
Livestock/Production Animals
Intensive Agriculture, Use of Prophylactic Antimicrobials
Painful Procedures
Cloning, Embryo Transfer, Genetic Modification, and Other Reproductive Techniques
Transportation and Slaughter
Dogs and Cats
Gonadectomy
Training
Surgical Manipulation (Tail Docking, Ear Cropping, Devocalization, Declawing)
Horses
Slaughter and Transportation
Soring and Gait Manipulation
Tail Modifications
Exotic and Nontraditional Pets
Husbandry and Suitability
Captive Wildlife
Use for Education and/or Entertainment
Environmental Enrichment
Laboratory Animals
Use of Animals in Biomedical Research
Environmental Enrichment
Selected Topics
Euthanasia, Slaughter, and Depopulation
Free-ranging and Feral Animals
Use of Animals in Entertainment and Education
Animal Abuse and Neglect, Animal Fighting
For More Information