Encephalitis in poultry, farm-reared game birds, companion or other captive birds, and free-ranging wild birds may be caused by a number of arboviruses. These include eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus, western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus, Highlands J (HJ) virus, Israel turkey meningoencephalitis virus, and West Nile virus (WNV). The term “arbovirus,” an abbreviation of arthropod-borne virus, is used to describe a virus that replicates in a hematophagous (bloodsucking) arthropod and is transmitted by bite to a vertebrate host.
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