honeypot link
skip to main content
  • follow us on fb
MSDMSD MANUALVeterinary Manual
VETERINARY PROFESSIONALSPET OWNERSRESOURCESQUIZZESABOUT
homeVETERINARY PROFESSIONALSPET OWNERS
Search icon
  1. Veterinary/
  2. Exotic and Laboratory Animals/
  3. Llamas and Alpacas/
    Llamas and Alpacas
    • Overview of Llamas and Alpacas
    • Management of Llamas and Alpacas
      • Housing
      • Feeding and Nutrition
      • Handling and Restraint
      • Sedation and Anesthesia
      • Clinical Pathology
      • Pharmacology and Cautions
    • Reproduction of Llamas and Alpacas
      • Camelid Reproductive Physiology
        • Females
        • Males
      • Management of Reproductive Problems
    • Herd Health of Llamas and Alpacas
      • Neonatal Care
      • Parasite Control
      • Parasitic Diseases
      • Vaccination
      • Digestive Anatomy
      • Foot Care and Nail Trimming
      • Routine Care
      • Shearing
    • Diseases of Llamas and Alpacas
      • Noninfectious diseases
        • Heat Stress
        • Neoplasia
      • Hepatic disease
        • Camelid Liver
        • Hyperglycemia, Hyperosmolarity, and Insulin Resistance
      • Gastrointestinal Diseases
        • Gastric Ulcers
        • Megaesophagus
        • Small and Large Intestinal Diseases
        • Stomach Atony
      • Congenital Diseases
      • Dermatologic disease
      • Copper Deficiency
      • Dorsal Nasal Alopecia (Dark Nose Syndrome)
      • Zinc-Responsive Dermatosis
      • Munge
      • Bacterial Diseases
      • Viral Diseases
      • Mycoplasma Infection
      • Fungal infections
      • Medical procedures used in camelids
    MSD
    • About
    • Disclaimer
    • Permissions
    • Privacy
    • Cookie Preferences
    • Terms Of Use
    • Partnerships
    • Contact Us
    • Human Health Manuals
    • follow us on fb
    This icon serves as a link to download the eSSENTIAL Accessibility assistive technology app for individuals with physical disabilities. It is featured as part of our commitment to diversity and inclusion.
    • follow us on fb
    This icon serves as a link to download the eSSENTIAL Accessibility assistive technology app for individuals with physical disabilities. It is featured as part of our commitment to diversity and inclusion.
    MSD

    Copyright© 2025Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. All rights reserved.