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Nutrition: Dairy Cattle

Nutritional Requirements of Dairy Cattle

Feeding and Nutritional Management of Dairy Cattle

Feeding Young Dairy Calves

Feeding Dairy Calves from Weaning Through Maturation

Accelerated Dairy Calf-rearing Programs

Feed Additives in Dairy Cattle

Nutrition and Disease in Dairy Cattle

Which of the following most accurately depicts the difference between acute and chronic pain?

The clinical signs associated with acute pain are more difficult to recognize than those associated with chronic pain.
Acute pain serves a biologic function, whereas chronic pain does not.
Cancer pain is classified as chronic, not acute, pain.
Patients with chronic pain usually have abnormal physiologic parameters, such as elevated heart and respiratory rates, increased blood pressure, and dilated pupils.

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By

Thomas H. Herdt

, DVM, MS, DACVN, DACVIM, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University

Last full review/revision Oct 2014 | Content last modified Nov 2014

Topic Resources

Feed Additives Included for Non-Nutrient Benefits

Many non-nutrient feed additives are marketed and approved for use in dairy cattle (see Table: Feed Additives Included for Non-Nutrient Benefits).

Feed Additives Included for Non-Nutrient Benefits

Additive	Effect	Feeding Rate


*High Probability of Positive Economic Return in General Feeding Situations*
Rumensin	Increased feed efficiency, improved energy metabolism	200–400 mg/day
Sodium bicarbonate and other buffers	Improved feed consumption, stabilization of rumen pH, increased butterfat production	0.75% of dry matter
Yeast culture	Improved feed consumption, improved fiber digestion	Variable, consult manufacturer directions


*High Probability of Positive Economic Return in Specific Problem Situations*
Strong anion additives for prepartum diets	Improved calcium homeostasis, milk fever prevention	Variable, calculate DCAD^a, monitor urine pH and dry-matter intake, late gestation only
Propylene glycol	Improved energy metabolism, ketosis prevention	300–500 mL/day, late gestation and early lactation only
Niacin	Improved lipid metabolism, improved rumen fermentation, increased feed efficiency and milk component concentrations	6 g/day, include protected and unprotected sources
Mycotoxin neutralizers	Many products available; effectiveness best demonstrated against aflatoxin; effectiveness against trichothecene toxins including DON^b or vomitoxin needs further evaluation.	Variable, consult manufacturer instructions
Protected choline	Improved lipid metabolism, fatty liver and ketosis prevention	15 g/day, late gestation and early lactation only
^a DCAD (dietary cation-anion difference)
^b DON (deoxynivalenol)

Accelerated Dairy Calf-rearing Programs

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Nutrition and Disease in Dairy Cattle

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