Antifungals Used in Pet Birds
Antifungala | Dosage | Route, Frequency |
|---|---|---|
Amphotericin B | 1 mg/kg intratracheal (dilute to 1 mL with sterile water; 0.25–1 mg/mL sterile water for nebulization | Given intratracheally every 8–12 h; nebulized 10–20 minutes, 2 times a day |
Amphotericin B | 1.5 mg/kg | IV, 3 times a day |
Amphotericin B suspension | 100 mg/kg | PO, 2 times a day × 30 days |
Clotrimazole | 2 mg/kg | Given intratracheally, once daily × 5 days |
Clotrimazole | 10 mg/mL (1%) | Nasal flush; nebulized for 30 minutes 2 times a day |
Enilconazole | 1 mg (0.05 mL/kg of a 1:10 dilution) | Given intratracheally, once daily × 7–14 days |
Enilconazole | 0.1 mL/kg in 5 mL sterile water | Nebulize for 30 minutes, 5 days on, 2 days off |
Fluconazole | 5–15 mg/kg | PO, 2 times a day |
Fluconazole | 20 mg/kg | PO, every 48 hours × 3 treatments |
Griseofulvin | 10 mg/kg | PO, 2 times a day |
5-Flucytosine | 20–75 mg/kg | PO, 2 times a day |
F-10b (quaternary ammonium disinfectant) | 1.5/400 mL distilled water | Nebulization for cutaneous and possibly respiratory fungus |
Itraconazole | 5–10 mg/kg | PO, once to twice daily (lower dosage, and use cautiously in African grey parrots) |
Ketoconazole | 10–30 mg/kg | PO, 2 times a day |
Terbinafine | 10–15 mg/kg 1 mg/mL solution | PO, 2 times a day Nebulization for 30 minutes |
Nystatin oral suspension (100,000 U/mL) | 300,000–600,000 U/kg | PO, 2 times a day |
Voriconazole | 12–18 mg/kg | PO, 2 times a day |
a Most are unapproved for use in birds, and caution is indicated. | ||
b Quaternary ammonium and biguanidine compound; nontoxic, ampholytic surfactant | ||