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CBC and Serum Biochemistry Reference Values for Llamas and Alpacas

CBC and Serum Biochemistry Reference Values for Llamas and Alpacas

Parameter

Unit

Llama (Lama glama)

Alpaca (Lama pacos)

CBC

WBC count

× 103 WBCs/mcL

5.66–23.12

5.41–22.48

RBC count

× 106 RBCs/mcL

3.86–17.91

3.59–18.32

Hemoglobin concentration

g/dL

9.6–19.0

9.5–18.9

Hematocrit

%

22.9–50.1

17.5–47.6

MCV

fL

19.2–42.8

19.1–51.1

MCH

pg

8.5–17.0

7.9–19.2

MCHC

g/dL

30.6–52.3

32.2–58.6

Segmented neutrophil count

× 103 neutrophils/mcL

3.36–17.09

2.89–16.22

Lymphocyte count

× 103 lymphocytes/mcL

0.44–6.10

0.02–0.12

Monocyte count

monocytes/mcL

78–1130

0.75–6.72

Eosinophil count

eosinophils/mcL

84–3486

74–1268

Basophil count

basophils/mcL

0–295

85–3356

Platelet count

× 103 thrombocytes/mcL

23–722

0–387

Serum biochemical profile

Glucose concentration

mg/dL

58–225

75–238

BUN concentration

mg/dL

11–37

10–31

Creatinine concentration

mg/dL

1.2–3.7

1.1–3.2

Calcium concentration

mg/dL

7.6–11.2

7.3–10.8

Phosphorus concentration

mg/dL

2.9–10.0

3.0–9.7

Sodium concentration

mEq/L

140–161

141–158

Potassium concentration

mEq/L

3.6–6.2

3.7–5.9

Chloride concentration

mEq/L

103–122

99–122

Total protein concentration

g/dL

4.3–7.4

4.3–7.1

Albumin concentration

g/dL

2.4–5.5

2.5–4.9

Globulin concentration

g/dL

0.5–3.7

0.8–3.6

Fibrinogen concentration

mg/dL

0–523

0–518

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity

U/L

17–147

17–205

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity

U/L

97–1486

189–1055

AST activity

U/L

81–300

89–349

ALT activity

U/L

1–26

5–45

CK activity

U/L

15–413

21–522

γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity

U/L

10–53

9–50

Total bilirubin concentration

mg/dL

0.0–0.5

0.0–0.4

Direct bilirubin concentration

mg/dL

0.0–0.2

0.0–0.1

Indirect bilirubin concentration

mg/dL

0.0–0.3

0.0–0.2

Cholesterol concentration

mg/dL

17–103

14–82

Triglycerides concentration

mg/dL

12–86

0–54

Magnesium concentration

mg/dL

1.38–2.72

1.11–2.66

Values from the ISIS Physiological Reference Intervals for Captive Wildlife (2013), Andrew Teare, ed.