| Traumatic reticuloperitonitis Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis in Cattle Traumatic reticuloperitonitis of cattle occurs when animals ingest nails, pieces of wire, and other nonmetallic materials that injure the reticular wall. Sharp objects can puncture the reticulum... read more  ; rumenitis; abomasal ulcer Abomasal Ulcers in Cattle Abomasal ulcers affect mature cattle and calves and have several different manifestations. Common clinical signs include anorexia, bruxism, abdominal pain, occult blood in the feces, and tachycardia... read more  (perforation); abomasal volvulus Left or Right Displaced Abomasum and Abomasal Volvulus in Cattle Abomasal displacement and volvulus are common disorders of high-producing dairy cattle. Clinical signs include anorexia and decreased milk production. With abomasal volvulus, clinical deterioration... read more  ; cecal torsion; ulcerative colitis and proctitis (rare); dystocia Management of Dystocia in Cattle Dystocia management must begin with proper heifer development. Fetopelvic disproportion is a major contributor to dystocia. Calf birth weight, the size of the pelvic area of the dam, and the... read more (uterine torsion, cesarean section); metritis or pyometra; abdominal surgery; intestinal, rectal, or uterine rupture; liver or abdominal abscess rupture; omphalitis (calves); fat necrosis/pancreatitis; neoplasia (eg, mesothelioma, ileal adenocarcinoma); iatrogenic (eg, rectal perforation, liver biopsy, intraperitoneal injection, rumenocentesis); green algae Algal Poisoning of Animals Most instances of algal poisoning of domestic animals and many affecting wildlife are caused by cyanobacteria that grow in freshwater systems worldwide. Clinical signs depend on the specific... read more  infection (rare); Setaria infection (rare) |
| Parasitic (larval) migration Strongylus vulgaris-Associated Disease in Horses The equine bloodworm Strongylus vulgaris is regarded as the most pathogenic equine GI helminth. The prevalence was reported to be 80%–100%, but decades of routine deworming has reduced... read more  ; intestinal injury and ischemia ( colic Overview of Colic in Horses Depiction of a horse’s GI tract as viewed from the right side. In its strictest definition, the term “colic” means abdominal pain. Throughout the years, it has become a broad term for a variety... read more  ); abdominal abscess rupture (Rhodococcus, Streptococcus); abdominal surgery (colic surgery, castration); gastric, intestinal, or uterine rupture; gastroduodenoenteritis, colitis; omphalitis, persistent urachus, or bladder rupture (foals); gastric ulcer Gastric Ulcers in Horses Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is an umbrella term used to describe erosions, ulcerations, and lesions in the terminal esophagus, nonglandular squamous and glandular regions of... read more  (perforation); fat necrosis/pancreatitis; neoplasia (eg, cholangiocellular carcinoma); penetrating trauma to abdominal wall; iatrogenic (rectal perforation, intraperitoneal injection), idiopathic |
| Primary peritonitis (Mycoplasma spp); parasitic (larval) migration (eg, liver fluke Overview of Fluke Infections in Ruminants Fluke infections cause economic losses in production systems throughout the world. Fasciola hepatica, the most important trematode of domestic ruminants, is the most common cause of liver... read more , lungworm, Setaria sp); traumatic reticuloperitonitis Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis in Cattle Traumatic reticuloperitonitis of cattle occurs when animals ingest nails, pieces of wire, and other nonmetallic materials that injure the reticular wall. Sharp objects can puncture the reticulum... read more (less common than in cattle); abdominal abscess rupture; neoplasia (eg, mesothelioma, cholangiocellular carcinoma); iatrogenic (eg, liver biopsy, intraperitoneal injection) |
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