Common Congenital Cardiovascular Defects in Domestic Livestock

Species

Most Common Defects

Cattle

Ventricular or atrial septal defect, double outlet right ventricle, aortic stenosis, PDA, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries, ectopic heart

Sheep

Ventricular septal defect

Pigs

Tricuspid valve dysplasia, atrial septal defect, subaortic stenosis

Abbreviations: PDA, patent ductus arteriosus.