Common Diagnostic Tests in Veterinary Patients with Hypercalcemia
| Diagnostic Test | Potential Abnormalities with Hypercalcemia | 
|---|---|
| Physical examination | Peripheral lymph node and anal sac assessment | 
| Chemistry | Calcium, phosphorus, renal values, electrolytes | 
| Urinalysis | USG, calcium oxalate crystals, bacteria | 
| Urine culture | Infection | 
| PTH, PTHrP, ionized calcium | May be normal, decreased or increased | 
| Abdominal radiograph | Bladder or kidney stones | 
| Thoracic radiographs | Metastasis, cranial mediastinum, thoracic lymph nodes | 
| Cervical ultrasonography | Enlarged parathyroid gland | 
| PTH, parathyroid hormone; PTHrP, parathyroid hormone-related protein; USG, urine specific gravity | |
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