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Localized Skeletal Dysplasias Affecting Large Animals

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Learn about SectionName symptoms, diagnosis and treatment in the MSD Manual. HCP and Vet versions too!

Dysplasia Name	Region Affected	Nature of the Disorder	Species Affected
Syndactyly	Digit	Partial or complete fusion of functional digits	Cattle, sheep, pigs
Polydactyly	Digit	Increase in the number of digits	Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses
Hemimelia	Limb	Partial or complete absence of one or more bones in a limb	Cattle, goats, sheep
Brachygnathia inferior	Mandible	Shortening of the mandible	Horses, cattle, sheep, pigs
Brachygnathia superior	Maxilla	Shortening of the maxilla	Horses, cattle, sheep, pigs
Spina bifida	Spine	Defective closure of the dorsal vertebral laminae in a segment of the vertebral column (usually lumbosacral)	Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses
Perosomus elumbis	Spine	Agenesis of the lumbar, sacral, or coccygeal spinal cord and vertebrae	Cattle, sheep, pigs
Block vertebrae	Spine	Complete or partial fusion of adjacent vertebrae	Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses
Butterfly vertebrae	Spine	Presence of a dorsoventral sagittal cleft in a vertebral body	Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses
Hemivertebrae	Spine	Inappropriate fusion of somites with resulting lack of formation of one half of a vertebral body	Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses
Complex vertebral malformation	Spine	Shortening of the cervical and thoracic vertebral column due to multiple hemivertebrae or misshapen vertebrae	Cattle
Cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy	Spine	Compression or stretching of the spinal cord due to narrowing of the vertebral column	Horses
Brachyspina (“short spine lethal”)	Spine	Shortening of the entire spinal column	Cattle
Atlanto-occipital fusion	Spine	Failure of the atlas to separate from the occipital bone	Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses
Kyphosis	Spine	Dorsal arching of the spine	Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses
Lordosis	Spine	Ventral arching of the spine	Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses
Scoliosis	Spine	Lateral arching of the spine	Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses
Torticollis	Spine	Twisting of the spinal column	Cattle, sheep, pigs, horses