Reproductive Measures and Dietary Nutrient Requirements of Gestating and Lactating Sowsa
-----------------Gestation----------------- | Lactation (21-day) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reproductive Measures | |||||||
Parity | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2+ | |||
Body weight at breeding (kg) | 140 | 185 | NA | NA | |||
Anticipated gestation weight gain (kg) | 65.0 | 52.2 | NA | NA | |||
Anticipated litter size | 12.5 | 13.5 | NA | NA | |||
Day of gestation | 0–90 | 90–115 | 0–90 | 90–115 | NA | NA | |
_______ | _______ | _______ | _______ | ||||
Body weight postfarrowing (kg) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 175 | 210 | |
Litter size | NA | NA | NA | NA | 11 | 11.5 | |
Daily weight gain of nursing pigs (g) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 230 | 230 | |
Nutrient Requirements | |||||||
NE content of diet (kcal/kg)b | 2,518 | 2,518 | 2,518 | 2,518 | 2,518 | 2,518 | |
DE content of diet (kcal/kg)b | 3,388 | 3,388 | 3,388 | 3,388 | 3,388 | 3,388 | |
ME content of diet (kcal/kg)b | 3,300 | 3,300 | 3,300 | 3,300 | 3,300 | 3,300 | |
Estimated ME intake (kcal/day) | 6,678 | 7,932 | 6,928 | 8,182 | 18,700 | 20,700 | |
Estimated feed intake (g/day) + wastagec | 2,130 | 2,530 | 2,210 | 2,610 | 5,950 | 6,610 | |
Body wt gain (g/day) | 578 | 543 | 472 | 408 | NA | NA | |
Body wt loss (21-day lactation, kg) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.7 | 5.8 | |
Amino acids, total (%)d | |||||||
Arginine | 0.32 | 0.42 | 0.23 | 0.32 | 0.50 | 0.48 | |
Histidine | 0.22 | 0.27 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.37 | 0.36 | |
Isoleucine | 0.36 | 0.43 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.52 | 0.50 | |
Leucine | 0.55 | 0.75 | 0.41 | 0.59 | 1.05 | 1.01 | |
Lysine | 0.61 | 0.80 | 0.45 | 0.62 | 0.93 | 0.90 | |
Methionine | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.24 | |
Methionine + cystine | 0.41 | 0.54 | 0.32 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.49 | |
Phenylalanine | 0.34 | 0.44 | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.51 | 0.49 | |
Phenylalanine + tyrosine | 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.46 | 0.62 | 1.07 | 1.03 | |
Threonine | 0.46 | 0.58 | 0.37 | 0.48 | 0.62 | 0.60 | |
Tryptophan | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.17 | |
Valine | 0.45 | 0.58 | 0.34 | 0.46 | 0.81 | 0.78 | |
Approximate crude proteine | 11.9 | 14.7 | 9.6 | 12.0 | 16.6 | 16.1 | |
Minerals | |||||||
Calcium (%) | 0.61 | 0.83 | 0.49 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.68 | |
Phosphorus, total (%)f | 0.49 | 0.62 | 0.41 | 0.55 | 0.62 | 0.60 | |
STTD phosphorus (%) | 0.27 | 0.36 | 0.21 | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.34 | |
ATTD phosphorus (%)f | 0.23 | 0.31 | 0.18 | 0.27 | 0.31 | 0.29 | |
Sodium (%) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.20 | |
Chlorine (%) | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.16 | |
Magnesium (%) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | |
Potassium (%) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | |
Copper (ppm) | 10.00 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | |
Iodine (ppm) | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | |
Iron (ppm) | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 80 | |
Manganese (ppm) | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 | |
Selenium (ppm) | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | |
Zinc (ppm) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | |
Vitamins and fatty acids | |||||||
Vitamin A (IU/kg)g | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | |
Vitamin D (IU/kg)g | 800 | 800 | 800 | 800 | 800 | 800 | |
Vitamin E (IU/kg)g | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | |
Vitamin K (menadione, mg/kg) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |
Biotin (mg/kg) | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | |
Choline (g/kg) | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Folacin (mg/kg) | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | |
Niacin, available (mg/kg)h | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | |
Pantothenic acid (mg/kg) | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | |
Riboflavin (mg/kg) | 3.75 | 3.75 | 3.75 | 3.75 | 3.75 | 3.75 | |
Thiamine (mg/kg) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Vitamin B6 (mg/kg) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Vitamin B12 (mcg/kg) | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | |
Linoleic acid (%) | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | |
Abbreviations: ATTD, apparent total tract digestible; DE, digestible energy; ME, metabolizable energy; NA, not applicable; NE, net energy; STTD, standardized total tract digestible. | |||||||
Adapted, with permission, from Nutrient Requirements of Swine (2012), National Research Council, National Academies Press, Washington, DC. | |||||||
a Estimates of amino acid, calcium, and phosphorus requirements during gestation differ for parity 1, 2, 3, and 4+ sows, stage of gestation, body weight at breeding, anticipated litter size, and other factors. Requirements for these nutrients during lactation differ for parity 1 and 2+ sows, body weight after farrowing, litter size, and other factors. For additional information, see Nutrient Requirements of Swine (2012), National Research Council, National Academies Press, Washington, DC. | |||||||
b Dietary energy contents related to corn and soybean meal–based diets. DE and ME are calculated from NE. | |||||||
c Assumes 5% feed wastage. | |||||||
d Total amino acid requirements apply to corn-soybean meal–based diets expressed as a percentage of the complete diet. | |||||||
e The calculated crude protein levels are based on corn-soybean meal–based diets containing 0.1% supplemental lysine and 3% minerals and vitamins. | |||||||
f ATTD phosphorus and total phosphorus requirements apply to corn and soybean meal–based diets. | |||||||
g Conversions: 1 IU vitamin A = 0.30 mcg retinol or 0.344 mcg retinyl acetate; 1 IU vitamin D2 or D3 = 0.025 mcg cholecalciferol; 1 IU vitamin E = 0.67 mg of D-alpha tocopherol or 1 mg of DL-alpha tocopherol acetate. | |||||||
h The niacin in corn, grain sorghum, wheat, and barley is unavailable. Similarly, the niacin in by-products made from these cereal grains is poorly available unless the by-products have undergone fermentation or a wet-milling process. | |||||||