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Select Hazardous Drugs of Concern in Veterinary Practice

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veterinary

Drug Class	Examples	Adverse Health Effects
Anesthetic gases (inhalational agents)	Isoflurane Nitrous oxide Sevoflurane	Reproductive toxicosis, neurotoxicosis
Antineoplastic (chemotherapy) agents	Chlorambucil Cyclophosphamide Doxorubicin Methotrexate Vincristine/vinblastine	Mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic effects
Antivirals and antimicrobials	Chloramphenicol (bone marrow suppression) Ribavirin (teratogenic) Tilmicosin (cardiotoxicosis arrhythmias, sudden death)	See examples
Ectoparasiticides	Organophosphate insecticides	Cholinergic toxicosis
Euthanasia agents	Pentobarbital	Neurotoxicosis, sedation, respiratory depression, death
Hormonal agents	Estrogens (eg, estradiol) Progesterone Testosterone derivatives Thyroid hormones	Endocrine disruption, reproductive effects (infertility, miscarriage), developmental toxicosis
Immunosuppressive agents	Azathioprine Cyclosporine Mycophenolate	Increased cancer risk, organ toxicosis, immunosuppression
Injectable anesthetic and sedative agents	Carfentanil Etorphine Ketamine Pentobarbital Xylazine	Neurotoxicosis, sedation, respiratory depression, death
Prostaglandins	Dinoprost	Bronchospasm, miscarriage
Euthanasia agents	Pentobarbital	Neurotoxicosis, sedation, respiratory depression, death