Abnormal palpebral reflex and menace response in a goat

Inability to blink after palpebral reflex and menace response testing. The goat does not respond with blink or avoidance to palpebral reflex testing when the examiner taps the skin near the medial canthus of the eye. Notice that the goat tries to avoid the examiner's hand during menace testing and is able to retract the globe to pass the nictitating membrane over the cornea but cannot use the eyelids to blink. The ipsilateral lip is also flaccid, with some feed packing visible in the cheek and cud material soiling the lip. These findings indicate facial and trigeminal nerve dysfunction on the side being tested, common findings in cases of neurological listeriosis.