Cardiovascular System Introduction

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• The Cardiovascular System in Animals
  • Heart Rate and the Electrocardiogram
  • Force of Ventricular Contraction
  • Oxygen and the Myocardium
  • Hindrance to Blood Flow
  • Key Points
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  • References

• Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System in Animals
  • Murmur Genesis and Significance
  • Valvular Disease
  • Myocardial Disease
  • Arrhythmias
  • Vascular Disease
  • Cardiac Shunts
  • Heartworm Disease
  • Common Endpoints of Heart Disease
  • Heart Failure
  • Key Points
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• Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease in Animals
  • Key Points
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• Principles of Therapy of Cardiovascular Disease in Animals
  • Therapeutic Agents
  • Key Points
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  • References