Sistema de classificação cardíaca para mal da montanha em bovinos
GRADE | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1: Normala | 2: Normal to Mild Change | 3: Moderate Change, Decreased Cardiac Functionb | 4: Severe Changes in Cardiac Anatomical Architecture, Loss of Function | 5: Severe Changes, Flaccid Thin Cardiac Muscle, Cardiac Collapsec | |||
Parameter | |||||||
Overall shape | Normal; conical | Normal; conical | Beginning to lose conical shape; apex deviation | Conical shape mostly lost | Conical shape completely lost | ||
Left ventricle apex | Normal; easily visible | Blunted; visible but losing apex point | Blunted; visible but losing apex point and deviating; beginning of reverse D | Shape lost because of ventricular rounding; reverse D apparent | Shape lost because of ventricular rounding; reverse D apparent | ||
Right ventricle | Smaller than left ventricle; in normal portion, fitting on side of left ventricle | Becoming larger than left ventricle and pronounced | Equal to or larger than left ventricle; becoming more pronounced | Larger than left ventricle; becoming more pronounced and taking on rounded shape | Larger than left ventricle; becoming more pronounced and taking on rounded shape | ||
Right atrium | Normal anatomy; smaller than left atrium | Beginning to enlarge; same size or slightly larger than left atrium | Enlarged; equal to or larger than left atrium | Enlarged; larger than left atrium; congested | Enlarged; larger than left atrium; congested | ||
Infarction or aneurysm | No clinical evidence of pending infarction or aneurysm; no thinning of vessel wall | No clinical evidence of pending infarction or aneurysm; no thinning of vessel wall | Can be clinical evidence of pending infarction or aneurysm; pulmonary artery wall thinning | Can be clinical evidence of pending infarction or aneurysm; pulmonary artery wall thinning | Can be clinical evidence of pending infarction or aneurysm; thinning of vessel wall apparent | ||
Pulmonary artery | Normal size (one-third the size of the aorta) | Beginning to show mild enlargement | Enlarged; equal to or larger than aorta | Greatly enlarged; larger than aorta | Greatly enlarged | ||
Cardiac muscle, on palpation | Normal, pliable, appropriate wall thickness | Normal, pliable, appropriate wall thickness | Stiff and suggestive of hypertrophy and loss of lumen space; can be biventricular; after removal, can be severely flaccid | Becoming soft and shapeless, but still has some muscle tone | Soft and shapeless; no muscle tone; heart lies flat | ||
aCan appear as 2, but with rigor can develop and shrink to 1. bRight ventricle enlarged, but not complete reverse D; flaccid cardiac muscle. cOften, animals with grade 5 hearts die before slaughter. | |||||||
