Medicamentos cardiovasculares comuns e suas posologias
Drug | Dosage |
|---|---|
Amiodarone | Dog: 8–10 mg/kg, PO, q 12–24 h for 7–10 days, then decrease to 4–6 mg/kg, q 24 h for longterm treatment Horse: 5 mg/kg/h, IV, for 1 h, then 0.83 mg/kg/h for 23 h, then 1.9 mg/kg/h for 30 h or to effect; or 10 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h |
Amlodipine | Dog: 0.1–0.2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h; or 0.2–0.4 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h |
Cat: 0.625–1.25 mg/cat, PO, q 12–24 h | |
Aspirin (antiplatelet dosage) | Dogs: 0.5–10 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h, long-terma |
Horse: 10 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h (bacterial endocarditis) | |
Cow: 100 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h (bacterial endocarditis) | |
Atenolol | Dog: 0.2–1 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h |
Cat: 1–2.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h; or 6.25–12.5 mg/cat, PO, q 12 h | |
Benazepril | Dog: 0.25–0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12–24 h |
Cat: 0.25–0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h; or 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h | |
Horse: 0.5–1 mg/kg, PO, q 12–24 h | |
Captopril | Dog: 0.5–2 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h Cat: 3.125–6.25 mg/cat, PO, q 8–12 h |
Clopidogrel | Dog: loading dose for rapid onset of action (90 min) 10 mg/kg, PO (once); 1–2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h, longterm |
Cat: 18.75 mg/cat, PO, q 24 h | |
Digoxin | Dog: 0.003–0.011 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h (round down to limit risk of toxicosis) Horse: 2.2–3.75 mcg/kg, IV, q 12 h; or 11–17.5 mcg/kg, PO, q 12 h (loading dose reported but rarely used) |
Cow: loading dose of 22 mcg/kg, IV, followed by CRIa of 0.86 mcg/kg/h; or 11 mcg/kg, IV, q 8 h | |
Diltiazem | Dog: 0.5–2.5 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h (immediate release formulation); 1–4 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h (sustained release formulations) |
Cat: 7.5 mg/cat, PO, q 8 h (immediate release formulation); 30–60 mg/cat, PO, q 12–24 h (sustained release formulation) Horse: 0.125 mg/kg, slow IV, every 10 min up to a maximum dose of 1.25 mg/kg, IV | |
Dobutamine | Dog: 2.5–15 mcg/kg/min, CRIa Horse: 1–5 mcg/kg/min, CRIa |
Enalapril | Dog: 0.25–0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h |
Cat: 0.25–0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h; or 0.5 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h | |
Furosemide | Dog: 2–4 mg/kg, IV, IM, SC, every 1–6 h; 0.25–1 mg/kg/h, CRIa; or 1–6 mg/kg, PO, q 8–12 h |
Cat: 0.5–2 mg/kg, IV, IM, SC, every 1–8 h; 0.25–0.6 mg/kg/h, CRIa; or 1–2 mg/kg, PO, q 12–24 h (maximum PO daily dose of 12 mg/kg) | |
Horse: 1–3 mg/kg, IV, IM, q 6–8 h; or 1–2 mg/kg, IV, loading dose, followed by 0.12 mg/kg/h, CRIa; or for chronic diuresis, 0.5–2 mg/kg, PO or IM, q 8–12 h Cow: 500 mg/animal, q 24 h; or 250 mg/animal, IM or IV, q 12 h | |
Hydralazine | Dog: 0.5–3 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h |
Horse: 120 mg/horse, PO, q 24 h, q 12 h; or 0.5–1.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h; or 0.5 mg/kg, IV, q 4 h | |
Hydrochlorothiazide | Dog: 2–4 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h Cat: 0.5–2 mg/kg, PO, q 12-24 h |
Lidocaine | Dog: 2–4 mg/kg, IV bolus as a loading dose followed by 25–75 mcg/kg/min, IV as a CRIb |
Horse: 0.25–0.5 mg/kg, slow IV, every 5–15 min; repeat up to a total of 2.0 mg/kg, IV, in conscious horse; or 1.3 mg/kg loading, then 50 mcg/kg/min, CRIa | |
Cow: 0.5 mg/kg, slow IV, every 10–15 min | |
Magnesium sulphate | Horse: 2–5 mg/kg, slow IV, every 2 min, repeat up to a total dose of 50 mg/kg |
Mexiletine | Dog: 4–6 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h |
Nitroglycerin ointment 2% | Dog: 4–12 mg, topically, q 12 h (maximum dose, 15 mg/dog) (remove after 6 h to provide a nitrate-free interval) |
Cat: 2–4 mg/cat, topically, q 6–8 h for 1–2 days | |
Pimobendan | Dog, cat: 0.4–0.6 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h, divided q 12 h (doses do not need to be equal in am and pm for chronic dosing; frequency may be increased to 0.75–0.9 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h, divided q 8–12 h) |
Procainamide | Dog: 4–6 mg/kg, PO, every 2–4 h ( immediate release formulation); 10–20 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h (sustained release formulation); 2–25 mg/kg, slow IV bolus to effect, or CRIa at 25–40 mcg/kg/min |
Horse: 1 mg/kg/min, IV, maximum of 20 mg/kg, IV; or 25–35 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h | |
Propanolol | Horse: 0.03–0.1 mg/kg, IV; or 0.38–0.78 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h |
Quinidine sulfate | Dog: 5–10 mg/kg, IV, q 6 h; or 6–20 mg/kg, PO, q 6–8 h |
Horse: 22 mg/kg, via nasogastric tube, q 2 h until converted, usually 4–6 doses, not to exceed total dose of 132 mg/kg | |
Cow: 48 mg/kg, infused IV over 4 h | |
Quinidine gluconate | Dog: 6–20 mg/kg, IM, q 6 h; or 6–20 mg/kg, PO, q 6–8 h |
Horse: 2.2 mg/kg, IV, q 10 min, not to exceed total dose of 12 mg/kg, IV | |
Sildenafil | Dog: 1–3 mg/kg, PO, q 8–12 h Cat: 1–2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h |
Sotalol | Dog, cat: 1–2.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h Horse: 2–3 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h |
Spironolactone | Dog: 1–2 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h; or 2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h Horse: 2–4 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h |
Cat: 1–2 mg/kg, PO, q 12–24 h | |
Tadalafil | Dog: 1–2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h |
Telmisartan | Dog: 1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h Cat: 1.5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h for 14 days, then 2 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h |
Torsemide | Dog: 0.1–0.4 mg/kg, PO, q 12–24 h Cat: 0.05–0.25 mg/kg, PO, q 12–24 h; or 1.25 mg/cat, PO, q 12–24 h |
aUltralow doses of 0.5 mg/kg PO q 24 h of aspirin have been found effective at reducing platelet counts in dogs.(1) The recommended dose of aspirin in dogs starts at a low dose (1–2 mg/kg PO q 24 h) moving up to a high dose (10 mg/kg PO q 24 h).(2) However, low-dose aspirin does not consistently inhibit platelet function in every dog so its clinical efficacy has been questioned.(2) Doses of 10 mg/kg are used for analgesia.(3). References 1. Weinkle TK, Center SA, Randolph JF, Warner KL, Barr SC, Erb HN. Evaluation of prognostic factors, survival rates, and treatment protocols for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs: 151 cases (1993-2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2005;226(11):1869–1880. doi:10.2460/javma.2005.226.1869. 2. Dudley A, Thomason J, Fritz S, et al. Cyclooxygenase expression and platelet function in healthy dogs receiving low-dose aspirin. J Vet Intern Med. 2013;27(1):141–149. 3. Mathews K, Bennett D. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Analgesics. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC, eds. Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: diseases of the dog and the cat. 7th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders; 2010:608–615. b CRI = constant-rate infusion | |
Systemic pharmacotherapeutics of the cardiovascular system include diuretics, positive inotropes, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, vasoactive drugs, antiarrhythmics, and hemantics, hemostatics, and anticoagulants. See also page Princípios da terapia das doenças cardiovasculares em animais em animais and and .
See table Commonly Used Cardiovascular Drugs and Dosages for a listing of commonly used cardiovascular drugs and dosages.
