There are many ways to give drugs. Using the correct dose and means of administration is crucial for both the safety and the effectiveness of the drug. Drug choice depends on many factors, including the animal's species and size, seasonal and convenience factors, and the drug’s characteristics. NOTE: Never give human medicines to pets without approval from your vet.
How Are Oral Drugs Given?
Oral medications are given by mouth. They include liquids (solutions or suspensions), pastes, tablets, capsules, and powders.
Liquids: Solutions are clear liquids. Suspensions might have particles in them. Pastes are thicker. Flavoring may be included to make a paste taste better to animals. Pastes are usually given to pets with a syringe or spoon to measure the right amounts.
Pills: Tablets are either swallowed whole or are chewable. Some are flavored to taste better to pets. Capsules are gelatin shells that contain the drug inside. The shells hide bad tastes and are useful for administering bitter drugs.
Powders: Powders dissolve quickly. They are usually mixed into food, but the animal has to eat all of the medicated food to get the whole dose, which might be challenging for sick pets that are not eating much.
How Are Parenteral Drugs Given?
Parenteral drugs are those given by ways other than by mouth and are usually administered in the hospital, not at home. Injections deliver drugs sterilely (free of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi) by needle. Some injections are given intravenously (directly into a vein), while others are given into the muscle or under the skin.
How Are Topical Drugs Given?
Topical drugs are applied to the skin or to mucous membranes (such as the lining of the mouth, nose, throat, or reproductive tract). Some topical drugs can be given in the eyes. These drugs come in different forms, including powders, creams, ointments, pastes, and liquids. Some topical drugs (for example, transdermal gels and patches) are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream. Veterinary-specific forms of topical drugs include spot-on or pour-on products to prevent parasites, as well as insecticide collars.
