Horse with neurologic defects

Physical Examination

  • General appearance: Fair body condition, sways while standing

  • Vital signs:
  • Temperature: 37.3° C (99.1° F)
  • Pulse: 42 beats/min
  • Respirations: 18/min
  • Weight: 550 kg (1,213 lbs)

  • Skin: Smooth, groomed haircoat with no alopecia

  • HEENT: Sclera clear, mucous membranes pink, ears clean. No ocular discharge, submandibular lymphadenopathy, or oral lesions observed.

  • Pulmonary: Eupneic with no sneezing or coughing

  • Cardiovascular: No murmur or arrhythmia, capillary refill time normal, adequate jugular refill

  • Gastrointestinal: Gut sounds present but decreased

  • Genitourinary: One episode of posturing to urinate without producing urine was observed, followed by normal urination some time later

  • Musculoskeletal: Bilateral hindlimb atrophy, ataxia

  • Neurologic: Hindlimb ataxia, facial nerve paralysis (mild muzzle deviation)

  • Mental status: Quiet, alert, and responsive