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MSD MANUAL
Veterinary Manual
VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS
PET OWNERS
RESOURCES
QUIZZES
ABOUT
VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS
PET OWNERS
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Veterinary Topics
Clinical Pathology and Procedures
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Collection and Submission of Laboratory Samples
Collection and Submission of Laboratory Samples from Animals
Packaging of Samples for Shipment
Samples for Histologic Evaluation
Samples for Microbiological Testing
Samples for Toxicological Testing
Samples for Hematological Testing
Samples for Serum Biochemical Analysis
Samples for Urinalysis
Samples for Serologic Testing
Samples for Cytologic Evaluation
Samples for Fluid Analysis
Samples for Flow Cytometry
Genetic Analysis
Key Points
For More Information
Diagnostic Procedures for the Private Practice Laboratory
Overview of Diagnostic Procedures for the Private Practice Laboratory
Clinical Biochemistry
Basic Test Panel:
Additional Tests:
Tests for Pancreatic Disease:
Pancreatitis:
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency:
Handling of Samples:
Point-of-Care Tests:
The Practice Laboratory:
Cytology
Techniques
Staining:
Fine-needle Aspiration:
Impression Smears:
Body Fluid Evaluation:
Interpretation of Cytology Samples
Inflammation:
Neoplasia:
Tumor Evaluation:
Common Cytology Results:
Cytology of Specific Sites:
Clinical Hematology
Red Blood Cells:
White Blood Cells:
Platelets:
Blood Sample Preparation and Evaluation:
Red Blood Cells:
White Blood Cells:
Platelets:
Urinalysis
Urine Appearance
Color:
Clarity:
Odor:
Urine Chemistries
Specific Gravity:
Semiquantitative, Colorimetric Reagent Strips:
Urine pH:
Protein:
Glucose:
Ketones:
Bilirubin/Urobilinogen:
Occult Blood:
Urine Sediment
Red Blood Cells:
White Blood Cells:
Epithelial Cells:
Cylindruria (Casts):
Infectious Organisms:
Crystals:
Lipids:
Spermatozoa:
Plant Material:
Bladder Tumor Antigen Test
Serologic Test Kits
Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV):
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV):
Canine Parvovirus (CPV):
Canine Distemper Virus (CDV):
Borrelia burgdorferi
:
Ehrlichia canis
:
Brucella canis
:
Heartworm Antigen—Dogs:
Heartworm Antibody and Antigen—Cats:
Canine and Feline Pregnancy Diagnosis—Relaxin:
Canine and Feline Luteinizing Hormone—Ovulation Timing and Ovariectomy Status:
Canine Ovulation Timing—Progesterone:
Thyroxine:
Foal Immunoglobulin (IgG):
Calf Immunoglobulin:
Parasitology
Parasitology in Veterinary Practice
Internal Parasite (Endoparasite) Diagnosis in Small Animals
Examination of Feces for Internal Parasite Diagnosis in Small Animals
Examination of Urine for Internal Parasite Diagnosis in Small Animals
Examination of Saliva-Sputum for Internal Parasite Diagnosis in Small Animals
Examination of Blood for Internal Parasite Diagnosis in Small Animals
Internal Parasite (Endoparasite) Diagnosis in Horses and Production Animals
External Parasite (Ectoparasite) Examination in Small Animals and Production Animals
For More Information
Diagnostic Imaging
Overview of Diagnostic Imaging of Animals
Ultrasonography in Animals
Echocardiography
Contrast Ultrasonography
For More Information
Computed Tomography in Animals
For More Information
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Animals
For More Information
Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Animals
For More Information
Radiography of Animals
Equipment
Filmless (Digital) Radiography
Obtaining Quality Radiographs
Positioning
Animal Restraint
Radiation Safety
Interpretation of Radiographs
Imaging Description
Imaging Conclusion
Recommendations
Contrast Procedures
Teleradiology
Artificial Intelligence
For More Information
Meat Inspection
Overview of Meat Inspection
Antemortem Inspection of Production Animals
Postmortem Inspection of Production Animals
Cattle
Calves (Veal)
Sheep and Goats
Pigs
Poultry
General Condemnation of Production Animals
Special Considerations for Tuberculosis
Inspection of Meat Processing
Sanitation and Food Safety
Sanitation Standards
Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOPs)
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) System
Recalls
Key Points
Humane Handling of Production Animals
Prepurchase Examination of Horses
Prepurchase Examination of Horses
Overview
Approach
Communication Before the Examination
Components
Communication After the Examination
Key Points
For More Information
Prepurchase Examination of Ruminants and Swine
Prepurchase Examination of Ruminants and Swine
History
Clinical Examination, Special Examinations, and Diagnostic Tests