Table: Feeding Guidelines for Large-Breed Dairy Cattle-MSD Veterinary Manual

Feeding Guidelines for Large-Breed Dairy Cattle

	Dry (Far off)	Close (Close up)	Cow - Fresh	Cow - Early	Cow - Mid	Cow - Late	6-mo Heifer	12-mo Heifer	18-mo Heifer	24-mo Heifer (Close up)
Body wt (kg)	675	675	675	675	675	675	200	300	450	625
DMI (kg/day)	14	10	15	30	24	20	5	7	11	10
Milk production^a (kg/day)			35	55	35	25
Crude protein (%)^b	9.9	12.4	19.5	16.7	15.2	14.1	12.3	11.4	8.8	15.0
RDP (%)	7.7	9.6	10.5	9.8	9.7	9.5	9.4	9.5	8.8	10.1
RUP (%)	2.2	2.8	9.0	6.9	5.5	4.6	2.9	1.9	0.004	4.9
MP (%)	6.0	8.0	13.8	11.6	10.2	9.2	7.2	7.0	5.3	9.7
NE_L (Mcal/kg)	1.32	1.43	1.8^c	1.61	1.47	1.36	—	—	—	1.58
ME (Mcal/kg)							2.05	2.27	1.80
NDF (%)	40	35	30	28	30	32	30	32	33	35
ADF (%)	30	25	21	19	21	24	20	22	24	25
NFC (%)	30	34	35	38	35	32	35	30	25	34
Calcium (%)	0.44	0.48	0.79	0.60	0.61	0.62	0.41	0.41	0.37	0.40
Phosphorus (%)	0.22	0.26	0.42	0.38	0.35	0.32	0.28	0.23	0.18	0.23
Magnesium (%)	0.11	0.40	0.29	0.21	0.19	0.18	0.11	0.11	0.08	0.40
Chlorine (%)	0.13	0.20	0.20	0.29	0.26	0.24	0.11	0.12	0.10	0.20
Sodium (%)	0.10	0.14	0.34	0.22	0.23	0.22	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.14
Potassium (%)	0.51	0.62	1.24	1.07	1.04	1.00	0.47	0.48	0.46	0.55
Sulfur (%)	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.20
Vitamin A (IU/day)	80,300	83,270	75,000	75,000	75,000	75,000	24,000	24,000	36,000	75,000
Vitamin D (IU/day)	21,900	22,700	21,000	21,000	21,000	21,000	6,000	9,000	13,500	20,000
Vitamin E (IU/day)	1,168	1,200	545	545	545	545	240	240	360	1,200
Adapted from National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2001. https://doi.org/10.17226/9825. Reprinted with permission.
DMI, dry-matter intake; RDP, rumen degradable protein; RUP, rumen undegraded protein; MP, metabolizable protein; NE_L, net energy lactation; ME, metabolizable energy; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; NFC, nonfiber carbohydrates. Trace mineral added to ration: cobalt: 0.11 mcg/g; copper 10–18 mcg/g; iodine: 0.3–0.4 mcg/g; iron: 13–130 mcg/g; manganese: 14–24 mcg/g; selenium: 0.30 mcg/g; zinc: 22–70 mcg/g.
^aMilk components: 3.5% fat, 3.0% true protein, and 4.8% lactose.
^bAll concentrations are on a dry-matter basis.
^cThe maximum energy concentration that can be formulated without resulting in insufficient dietary fiber or excess fat concentrations is 1.8 Mcal/kg dry matter. This energy concentration will typically not meet the energy requirements at this lactation stage, and these cows will lose weight.

Dry (Far off)

Close (Close up)

Cow - Fresh

Cow - Early

Cow - Mid

Cow - Late

6-mo Heifer

12-mo Heifer

18-mo Heifer

24-mo Heifer (Close up)

Body wt (kg)

675

200

300

450

625

DMI (kg/day)

Milk production^a (kg/day)

Crude protein (%)^b

9.9

12.4

19.5

16.7

15.2

14.1

12.3

11.4

8.8

15.0

RDP (%)

7.7

9.6

10.5

9.8

9.7

9.5

9.4

9.5

8.8

10.1

RUP (%)

2.2

2.8

9.0

6.9

5.5

4.6

2.9

1.9

0.004

4.9

MP (%)

6.0

8.0

13.8

11.6

10.2

9.2

7.2

7.0

5.3

9.7

NE_L (Mcal/kg)

1.32

1.43

1.8^c

1.61

1.47

1.36

—

1.58

ME (Mcal/kg)

2.05

2.27

1.80

NDF (%)

ADF (%)

NFC (%)

Calcium (%)

0.44

0.48

0.79

0.60

0.61

0.62

0.41

0.37

0.40

Phosphorus (%)

0.22

0.26

0.42

0.38

0.35

0.32

0.28

0.23

0.18

0.23

Magnesium (%)

0.11

0.40

0.29

0.21

0.19

0.18

0.11

0.08

0.40

Chlorine (%)

0.13

0.20

0.29

0.26

0.24

0.11

0.12

0.10

0.20

Sodium (%)

0.10

0.14

0.34

0.22

0.23

0.22

0.08

0.07

0.14

Potassium (%)

0.51

0.62

1.24

1.07

1.04

1.00

0.47

0.48

0.46

0.55

Sulfur (%)

0.20

Vitamin A (IU/day)

80,300

83,270

75,000

24,000

36,000

75,000

Vitamin D (IU/day)

21,900

22,700

21,000

6,000

9,000

13,500

20,000

Vitamin E (IU/day)

1,168

1,200

545

240

360

1,200

Adapted from National Research Council. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2001. https://doi.org/10.17226/9825. Reprinted with permission.

DMI, dry-matter intake; RDP, rumen degradable protein; RUP, rumen undegraded protein; MP, metabolizable protein; NE_L, net energy lactation; ME, metabolizable energy; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; NFC, nonfiber carbohydrates.

Trace mineral added to ration: cobalt: 0.11 mcg/g; copper 10–18 mcg/g; iodine: 0.3–0.4 mcg/g; iron: 13–130 mcg/g; manganese: 14–24 mcg/g; selenium: 0.30 mcg/g; zinc: 22–70 mcg/g.

^aMilk components: 3.5% fat, 3.0% true protein, and 4.8% lactose.

^bAll concentrations are on a dry-matter basis.

^cThe maximum energy concentration that can be formulated without resulting in insufficient dietary fiber or excess fat concentrations is 1.8 Mcal/kg dry matter. This energy concentration will typically not meet the energy requirements at this lactation stage, and these cows will lose weight.