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MANUAL MSD
Manual de veterinária
PROFISSIONAIS VETERINÁRIOS
DONOS DE ANIMAIS DE ESTIMAÇÃO
RECURSOS
INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE
PROFISSIONAIS VETERINÁRIOS
DONOS DE ANIMAIS DE ESTIMAÇÃO
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Assuntos veterinários
Nervous System
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The Neurologic Examination
The Neurologic Examination of Animals
Taking a History
Evaluating Posture
Assessing Mentation and Behavior
Examining the Cranial Nerves
Cranial Nerve I (Olfactory Nerve)
Cranial Nerve II (Optic Nerve)
Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI (Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nerves)
Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal Nerve)
Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve)
Cranial Nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve)
Cranial Nerves IX and X (Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves)
Cranial Nerve XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve)
Cranial Nerve XII (Hypoglossal Nerve)
Evaluating Gait
Ataxia
Weakness
Lameness
Assessing Postural Reactions
Proprioceptive Positioning
Hopping Reaction
Placing Response
Testing Spinal Reflexes
Patellar Reflex
Pelvic Limb Withdrawal Reflex
Thoracic Limb Withdrawal Reflex
Perineal Reflex
Cutaneous Trunci Reflex
Palpation
Evaluating Nociception
Superficial Pain
Deep Pain
Neuroanatomical Localization
Forebrain
Brainstem
Cerebellum
C1-C5 Spinal Segments
C6-T2 Spinal Segments
T3-L3 Spinal Segments
L4-S3 Spinal Segments
Peripheral Nerve Lesions
Muscle Disorders
For More Information
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Etiology
Transmission, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis
References
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Zoonotic Risk
Key Points
For More Information
Central Nervous System Diseases Caused by Helminths and Arthropods
Overview of Central Nervous System Diseases in Animals Caused by Helminths and Arthropods
Immature (Larval) Stages of Parasites of Carnivorous Animals
Immature Stages of Parasites Exhibiting a Neurotropic Affinity
Erratic or Aberrant Parasites
Incidental Parasites
Facultative Parasites
Treatment and Control
For More Information
Cestodes Causing CNS Disease in Animals
Coenurosis
Cysticercosis
Echinococcosis
For More Information
Trematodes Causing CNS Disease in Animals
Paragonimiasis
Schistosomiasis
Troglotremiasis
For More Information
Nematodes Causing CNS Disease in Animals
Ascarids
Filarids
Metastrongyles
References
Meningeal worm (
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis
)
Canine neuroangiostrongylosis
Etiology
Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Rhabditoids
Miscellaneous Nematodes
For More Information
Arthropods that Cause CNS Disease in Animals
For More Information
Chronic Wasting Disease
Chronic Wasting Disease
Etiology
Transmission, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Zoonotic Risk
Key Points
For More Information
Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Nervous System
Congenital and Inherited Anomalies of the Nervous System in Animals
Congenital and Inherited Cerebral Disorders in Animals
Large Animals
Small Animals
Congenital and Inherited Cerebellar Disorders in Animals
Large Animals
Small Animals
Congenital and Inherited Brain Stem Disorders in Animals
Small Animals
Congenital and Inherited Spinal Cord Disorders in Animals
Large Animals
Small Animals
Neuromuscular Disorders in Animals
Large Animals
Small Animals
Congenital and Inherited Multifocal Disorders of the Nervous System in Animals
Large Animals
Generalized Metabolic and Lysosomal Storage Disorders
Small Animals
Lysosomal Storage Disorders
Miscellaneous Congenital Disorders of the Nervous System in Animals
Large Animals
Small Animals
Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction
Overview of Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Animals
Degenerative Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Animals
Acquired Laryngeal Paralysis
Canine Chronic Axonal Degeneration
Dancing Doberman Disease
Distal Denervating Disease
Distal Polyneuropathy of Rottweilers
Idiopathic Facial Paralysis
Laryngeal Paralysis in Horses
Stringhalt (Equine Reflex Hypertonia)
Inflammatory Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Animals
Acquired Myasthenia Gravis
Acute Idiopathic Polyradiculoneuritis
Chronic Relapsing Idiopathic Polyradiculoneuritis
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
Polyneuritis Equi
Protozoal Polyradiculoneuritis
Sensory Ganglioneuritis
Trigeminal Neuritis
Metabolic Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Animals
Diabetic Neuropathy
Hypothyroid Neuropathy
Neoplasia of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Animals
Nerve Sheath Tumors
Paraneoplastic Neuropathy
Nutritional Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Animals
Pantothenic Acid Deficiency
Riboflavin Deficiency in Chickens
Toxic Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Animals
Botulism
Ionophore Toxicity
Organophosphate Poisoning
Tick Paralysis
Trauma of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Animals
Brachial Plexus Avulsion
Calving Paralysis
Facial Nerve Trauma
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Vascular Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Animals
Ischemic Neuromyopathy
Diseases of the Spinal Column and Cord
Overview of Diseases of the Spinal Column and Cord in Animals
Degenerative Diseases of the Spinal Column and Cord in Animals
Cervical Spondylomyelopathy
Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis
Degenerative Myelopathy of Dogs
Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy
Intervertebral Disk Disease
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
Equine Motor Neuron Disease
Degeneration of Motor Neurons
Metabolic Storage Disorders
Spondylosis Deformans
Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases of the Spinal Column and Cord in Animals
Bacterial Diseases
Rickettsial Diseases
Viral Diseases
Fungal Diseases
Protozoal Diseases
Parasitic Diseases
Idiopathic Inflammatory Diseases
Neoplasia of the Spinal Column and Cord in Animals
Nutritional Disorders of the Spinal Column and Cord in Animals
Copper Deficiency
Hypervitaminosis A
Thiamine Deficiency
Trauma of the Spinal Column and Cord in Animals
Toxicoses of the Spinal Column and Cord in Animals
Arsenic Poisoning
Delayed Organophosphate Intoxication
Sorghum Poisoning
Tetanus
Vascular Diseases of the Spinal Cord in Animals
Fibrocartilaginous Embolism
Postanesthetic Hemorrhagic Myelopathy in Horses
Dysautonomia
Feline Dysautonomia
Clinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Key Points
For More Information
References
Canine Dysautonomia
Clinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Key Points
For More Information
Leporine Dysautonomia
Equine Dysautonomia
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Eye Drop Test
Biopsies
Treatment
Lesions
Prevention
Key Points
For More Information
References
Overview of Dysautonomia in Animals
Epilepsy in Small Animals
Epilepsy in Small Animals
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Initiation of Antiseizure Medications
General Concepts of Antiseizure Therapy
Specific Antiseizure Medications in Epilepsy
Key Points
For More Information
References
Equine Arboviral Encephalomyelitis
Equine Arboviral Encephalomyelitis
Etiology and Epidemiology
Alphaviruses
Flaviviruses
Bunyaviruses
Zoonotic Risk
Clinical Findings
Lesions on Post-mortem Examination
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Prevention
Key Points
For More Information
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
Etiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention and Control
Key Points
For More Information
References
Facial Paralysis
Facial Paralysis in Animals
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prognosis
Key Points
For More Information
Limb Paralysis
Limb Paralysis in Animals
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Thoracic Limb
Pelvic Limb
Diagnosis and Treatment
Key Points
Louping Ill
Louping Ill in Animals
Etiology and Transmission
Pathogenesis, Clinical Findings, and Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Zoonotic Risk
Key Points
References
Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Encephalomyelitis
Meningitis, Encephalitis, and Encephalomyelitis in Animals
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Bacterial Infections
Viral Infections
Infections Caused by Parasites
Fungal Infections
Idiopathic/Immune Mediated
Clinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
For More Information
Motion Sickness
Motion Sickness in Animals
For More Information
Myelin Disorders
Myelin Disorders in Animals
Central Myelinopathy
Hypomelination
Dysmyelination
Spongy Degeneration
Etiology
Clinical Findings
Lesions
CNS Hypomyelination
PNS Hypomyelination
Diagnosis
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Treatment, Control, and Prevention
Key Points
References
For More Information
Neoplasia of the Nervous System
Neoplasia of the Nervous System in Large Animals
Nervous System Neoplasia of Horses
Intracranial Neoplasia in Horses
Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Neoplasia in Horses
Nervous System Neoplasia of Cattle
Intracranial Neoplasia of Cattle
Spinal and Peripheral Neoplasia of Cattle
Nervous System Neoplasia of Other Large Animals
Key Points
For More Information
References
Neoplasia of the Nervous System in Small Animals
Classification
Epidemiology
Clinical Characteristics
Brain Tumors in Small Animals
Spinal Cord Tumors in Small Animals
Tumors of the Peripheral Nerves in Small Animals
Other Clinical Syndromes Associated With Tumors of the Nervous System
Diagnosis
Radiography in Neoplasia of the Nervous System
Myelography in Neoplasia of the Nervous System
MRI in Neoplasia of the Nervous System
CT in Neoplasia of the Nervous System
CSF Analysis in Neoplasia of the Nervous System
Prognosis and Treatment
Key Points
For More Information
References
Polioencephalomalacia
Polioencephalomalacia in Ruminants
Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Epidemiology
Thiamine-Associated Polioencephalomalacia
Sulfur-Associated Polioencephalomalacia
Clinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Prevention
Key Points
References
Pseudorabies
Pseudorabies in Pigs
Etiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Findings and Pathogenesis
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Key Points
Raiva
Raiva em animais
Etiologia
Classificação do genoma viral
Estrutura
Replicação
Mecanismos patogênicos
Epidemiologia
Distribuição geográfica
Período de incubação
Dinâmica de transmissão
Achados clínicos
Forma furiosa
Forma paralítica
Variações entre espécies
Diagnóstico
Prevenção e controle
Gestão de animais domésticos
Vacinação oral de animais silvestres
Desinfecção
Tratamento de casos suspeitos de raiva – exposição de animais de estimação
Risco zoonótico
Pontos-chave
Referências
Para obter mais informações
Scrapie
Scrapie
Etiology, Transmission, and Pathogenesis
Etiology
Resistance and Susceptibility
Transmission
Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Control
Trans-species Transmission
References
Key Points
For More Information
Sporadic Bovine Encephalomyelitis
Sporadic Bovine Encephalomyelitis
Etiology and Epidemiology
Clinical Findings
Lesions of Sporadic Bovine Encephalomyelitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Key Points
References
Stray Voltage in Animal Housing
Stray Voltage in Animal Housing
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Prevention and Control
Key Points
For More Information
References
Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis
Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis
Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis
Clinical Findings
Lesions
Diagnosis
Treatment and Control
Key Points
For More Information
Tick Paralysis
Tick Paralysis in Animals
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Epidemiology
Clinical Findings
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Prevention and Control
For More Information
