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MSD Vet Manual LogoMANUAL MSDManual de veterinária
PROFISSIONAIS VETERINÁRIOSDONOS DE ANIMAIS DE ESTIMAÇÃORECURSOSINFORMAÇÕES SOBRE
homePROFISSIONAIS VETERINÁRIOSDONOS DE ANIMAIS DE ESTIMAÇÃO
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  1. <Assuntos veterinários
    Respiratory System
    Respiratory System Introduction
    • The Respiratory System in Animals
      • For More Information
    • Principles of Therapy for Respiratory Disease in Animals
      • For More Information
    • Clinical Signs of Respiratory Disease in Animals
      • For More Information
    • Causes of Respiratory Disease in Animals
      • For More Information
    • Diagnostic Techniques for Respiratory Disease in Animals
      • For More Information
    • Control of Respiratory Disease in Animals
      • For More Information
    Aspiration Pneumonia in Large Animals
    • Aspiration Pneumonia in Large Animals
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions
      • Prevention and Treatment
      • For More Information
    Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
    • Viral Infections Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex in Cattle
      • Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus, Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis)
        • Etiology and Epidemiology
        • Clinical Findings
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment and Control
        • Key Points
        • For More Information
      • Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
        • Etiology
        • Clinical Findings and Lesions
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment and Prevention
        • Key Points
        • For More Information
        • References
      • Parainfluenza-3 Virus
      • Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
      • Other Bovine Respiratory Viruses
    • Bacterial Pneumonia in Cattle with Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
      • Bacterial Pathogens Associated With Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
        • Etiology
        • Clinical Findings
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment
        • Control
        • Key Points
        • For More Information
    • Overview of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
      • Etiology
      • Control and Prevention
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    Diaphragmatic Hernia
    • Diaphragmatic Hernia in Animals
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    Fungal Pneumonia in Small Animals
    • Fungal Pneumonia in Small Animals
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    Infectious Respiratory System Diseases in Cattle
    • Sinusitis in Cattle
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Control
      • Key Points
    • Necrotic Laryngitis in Cattle
      • Etiology
      • Transmission, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment and Control
      • Key Points
    • Enzootic Pneumonia of Calves
      • Etiology
      • Diagnosis
        • Thoracic Ultrasonography
        • Culture and Sensitivity Testing
        • For More Information
      • Control and Prevention
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions on Post-Mortem Examination
      • Diagnosis
      • Control
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Bacterial Pneumonia Due to Mycoplasma bovis Infection in Cattle
    Laryngeal Disorders
    • Laryngeal Disorders in Animals
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
    Lungworm Infection
    • Lungworm Infection in Animals
      • Epidemiology
        • Dictyocaulus spp
        • Other Species
      • Pathogenesis
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Control
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    Non-Infectious Respiratory System Diseases in Cattle
    • Allergic Rhinitis and Enzootic Nasal Granuloma in Cattle
    • Tracheal Stenosis Syndrome of Feeder Cattle
    • Pulmonary Emphysema, Edema, and Interstitial Pneumonia in Cattle
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions on Post-Mortem Examination
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Control
      • Key Points
    • Anaphylaxis in Cattle
    • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Cattle
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions on Post-Mortem Examination
      • Treatment and Control
      • Key Points
    • Diffuse Fibrosing Alveolitis in Cattle
    • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome of Feedlot Cattle
    • 4-Ipomeanol Toxicosis (Moldy Sweet Potato) and Perilla Ketone Toxicosis (Purple Mint Toxicosis) in Cattle
    • Respiratory Disease in Cattle due to Exposure to Toxic Gases
    • Vena Caval Thrombosis and Metastatic Pneumonia in Cattle
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
      • Lesions on Post-Mortem Examination
      • Treatment and Control
      • Key Points
    Pharyngitis
    • Overview of Pharyngitis in Animals
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Pharyngeal Trauma in Animals
    Pulmonary Emphysema
    • Pulmonary Emphysema in Animals
      • Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
        • Cattle
        • Horses
        • Dogs and Cats
      • Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    Respiratory Diseases of Horses
    • Overview of Respiratory Diseases of Horses
      • Diagnosis and Clinical Findings
      • Prevention and Treatment
      • For More Information
    • Equine Herpesvirus Infection
      • Etiology and Epidemiology
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Control
      • Infection by other Herpesviruses
      • Key Points
      • References
      • For More Information
    • Equine Influenza
      • Etiology and Epidemiology
      • Clinical Findings and Lesions
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment and Prevention
      • Key Points
      • References
      • For More Information
    • Equine Viral Arteritis
      • For More Information
    • Hendra Virus Infection in Horses
      • Etiology and Pathogenesis
      • Epidemiology and Transmission
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions in Hendra Virus Infection
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment, Prevention, and Control
      • Zoonotic Risk
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
      • References
    • Pleuropneumonia in Horses
      • Etiology and Pathogenesis
      • Clinical Findings and Lesions
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Rhodococcus equi Pneumonia in Foals
      • Etiology and Pathogenesis
      • Clinical Findings and Lesions
      • R equi pulmonary disease
      • Nonpulmonary R equi
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment and Prognosis
      • Prevention
      • Key Points
      • References
      • For More Information
    • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Acute Bronchointerstitial Pneumonia) in Foals
      • Etiology, Epidemiology, and Pathogenesis
      • Clinical Findings and Lesions
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • References
      • For More Information
    • Strangles in Horses
      • Etiology and Pathogenesis
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Prevention
      • Control
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Asthma in Horses
      • Pathophysiology
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
      • Severe Asthma (RAO)
      • Mild-moderate Asthma (IAD)
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • References
      • For More Information
    • Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Horses
      • Etiology and Pathogenesis
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment and Control
      • Key Points
      • References
      • For More Information
    • Laryngeal Hemiplegia in Horses
      • Etiology and Pathogenesis
      • Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Pharyngeal Lymphoid Hyperplasia in Horses
      • For More Information
    • Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate in Horses
      • Etiology and Pathogenesis
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • References
      • For More Information
    • Epiglottic Entrapment in Horses
      • Clinical Signs
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • References
      • For More Information
    • Subepiglottic Cyst in Horses
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • For More Information
    • Laryngeal Dysplasia in Horses
      • For More Information
    • Diseases of the Nasal Passages in Horses
      • Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
      • Redundant Alar Fold
      • Diseases of the Nasal Septum
      • Nasal Polyps
      • Choanal Atresia
      • Cleft Palate
      • For More Information
    • Diseases of the Paranasal Sinuses in Horses
      • Sinusitis
      • Primary Sinusitis
      • Secondary Sinusitis
      • Ethmoid Hematoma
      • Paranasal Sinus Cyst
        • Neoplasia of the Paranasal Sinuses
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Guttural Pouch Disease in Horses
      • Empyema
      • Clinical Signs
      • Diagnosis
      • Guttural Pouch Mycosis
      • Guttural Pouch Tympany
    • Miscellaneous Transient Obstructions of the Larynx During Exercise in Horses
    • Arytenoid Chondropathy in Horses
      • Etiology and Pathogenesis
      • Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    Doenças respiratórias dos suínos
    • Considerações gerais sobre doenças respiratórias dos suínos
    • Rinite atrófica em suínos
      • Etiologia
      • Achados clínicos
        • Lesões
      • Diagnóstico
      • Controle
      • Pontos-chave
    • Pneumonia micoplásmica em suínos
      • Etiologia e epidemiologia
      • Achados clínicos
        • Lesões
      • Diagnóstico
      • Controle
      • Pontos-chave
      • Para obter mais informações
    • Rinite necrótica em suínos
      • Etiologia
      • Achados clínicos e lesões
      • Diagnóstico
      • Prevenção e tratamento
      • Pontos-chave
    • Pasteurelose em suínos
    • Pleuropneumonia em suínos
      • Etiologia
      • Achados clínicos
        • Lesões
      • Diagnóstico
      • Tratamento e controle
      • Pontos-chave
    • Vírus da gripe A em suínos
      • Etiologia
      • Transmissão e epidemiologia
      • Patogênese
      • Achados clínicos
        • Lesões
      • Diagnóstico
      • Tratamento e controle
      • Pontos-chave
      • Para obter mais informações
    Respiratory Diseases of Sheep and Goats
    • Overview of Respiratory Diseases of Sheep and Goats
      • Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract
      • Diseases of the Lower Respiratory Tract
    • Sheep Nasal Bot Myiasis
      • Clinical Findings
      • Treatment
    • Mycoplasma Pneumonias in Goats
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Control
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Bacterial Bronchopneumonia in Sheep and Goats
      • Etiology
      • Pathogenesis
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment and Control
      • Key Points
    • Lentivirus Pneumonia in Sheep and Goats
      • Etiology and Pathogenesis
      • Epidemiology
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions
      • Diagnosis
      • Control
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Ovine Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions
      • Diagnosis
      • Control
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    Respiratory Diseases of Small Animals
    • Canine Influenza (Flu)
      • Etiology, Epidemiology, and Transmission
      • Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
      • Treatment, Prevention, and Control
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Laryngeal Paralysis in Dogs and Cats
      • Key Points
    • Overview of Respiratory Diseases of Dogs and Cats
      • For More Information
    • Allergic Pneumonitis in Dogs and Cats
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Canine Nasal Mites
      • Etiology and Epidemiology
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Feline Respiratory Disease Complex
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
        • Lesions
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Prevention
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Lung Flukes in Dogs and Cats
      • For More Information
    • Lung Nematodes in Small Animals
      • Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
      • Capillaria aerophila (Eucoleus aerophilus)
      • Filarids
      • For More Information
    • Neoplasia of the Respiratory System in Dogs and Cats
      • Tumors of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
      • Tumors of the Larynx and Trachea
      • Primary Lung Tumors
        • Clinical Findings
        • Diagnosis
        • Treatment
      • Metastatic Tumors of the Lungs
      • For More Information
    • Pneumonia in Dogs and Cats
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • For More Information
    • Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Dogs and Cats
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
    • Rhinitis and Sinusitis in Dogs and Cats
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • For More Information
    • Tonsillitis in Dogs and Cats
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • For More Information
    • Feline Bronchial Asthma
    • Kennel Cough
      • Etiology
      • Clinical Findings
      • Diagnosis
      • Treatment
      • Prevention
      • Key Points
      • For More Information
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