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Euthanasia and Pet Loss

ByNatalie Antinoff, DVM, DABVP (Avian Practice), Texas Avian & Exotic Hospital
Reviewed ByManuals Staff
Reviewed/Revised Modified Sept 2025
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Euthanasia means ending a pet's life in a humane way, peacefully and painlessly, typically when a pet is suffering from an incurable illness. At some point, most pet owners face the difficult decision of whether to end a suffering pet's life through euthanasia. Euthanasia procedures are designed to prevent suffering and distress in the animal. Veterinarians are best equipped to ensure that the process is gentle and pain free.

Pet owners may choose euthanasia to relieve their pet's pain from an untreatable illness or injury. This decision can be seen as a final act of kindness. Should your pet reach this point, your veterinarian should explain to you what happens before, during, and after the procedure.

Veterinarians also care about your emotions and safety during this difficult time. If you are considering euthanasia, your vet or a staff member should explain the process, discuss options, and suggest resources for additional support if needed.

Several tools are available to help vets and pet owners assess a pet's quality of life and make decisions about its care. For example, The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center provides guidelines and a simple quality-of-life worksheet (https://vmc.vet.osu.edu/sites/default/files/documents/how-will-i-know_rev_mar2024ms_0.pdf). Another commonly used tool is the "HHHHHMM" quality-of-life scale, which stands for Hurt, Hunger, Hydration, Hygiene, Happiness, Mobility, and More Good Days Than Bad. This scale helps guide discussions and decisions about whether euthanasia is right for a particular pet at a particular time.

HHHHHMM Quality-of-Life Scale

  • HURT: Does your pet seem to be in pain, or is it having difficulty breathing? Pain control is the most important aspect of quality of life. Many pet owners don't realize that difficulty breathing can be extremely painful for an animal.

  • HUNGER: Can your pet eat on its own? If not, it may need a feeding tube (especially in the case of cats).

  • HYDRATION: Is your pet drinking enough water? If not, your vet may need to administer fluids via a needle under the skin to help keep your pet hydrated.

  • HYGIENE: Can you keep your pet clean? Is its coat matted? Can your pet control its peeing and pooping?

  • HAPPINESS: Is your pet able to enjoy life? Is it responsive and willing to interact with family members?

  • MOBILITY: Can your pet move around on its own? Does it need help to go outside or use the litter box?

  • MORE GOOD DAYS THAN BAD: Does your pet have too many bad days filled with discomfort? If so, it may be time to consider euthanasia.

How Do I Deal With Pet Loss and Grief?

When a pet becomes ill or dies, family members often experience stress, sadness, and grief. This impact can extend to friends, neighbors, and even to the veterinary team. Pet owners may feel responsible for their pet's death, especially if they chose euthanasia. It's important to understand all options before deciding on euthanasia for your pet. Your vet can provide guidance and support during this difficult time.

Having a support network of friends and family can help you cope with the loss of a pet. Some communities, animal shelters, and veterinary colleges offer hotlines, support groups (such as the Association for Pet Loss and Bereavement, www.aplb.org), and counseling. Your vet can also provide valuable information and support. The grieving process can take a long time, sometimes up to a year, as you deal with important family traditions and holidays that typically involved your pet.

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