Anemia Anemia

Possible copper or cobalt deficiency in adult cattle; iron deficiency in young calves (unlikely in adult cattle)

Bloat Bloat in Ruminants Bloat is an overdistention of the rumenoreticulum with the gases of fermentation, either in the form of a persistent foam mixed with the ruminal contents, called primary or frothy bloat, or... read more

Consumption of legume pastures or finely ground, high-starch diets (such as are frequently fed to feedlot cattle) are predisposing; cattle not acclimated to these diets are particularly susceptible to frothy bloat

Congenital defects

Deficiencies of vitamin A, manganese, or copper

Cystic ovaries Cystic Ovary Disease

Energy insufficiency and associated subclinical ketosis in early lactation are predisposing; vitamin E and selenium deficiency speculated to contribute; excessive or rapid body condition loss in early lactation due to dietary energy, protein, or combination deficiencies

Displaced abomasum Left or Right Displaced Abomasum and Abomasal Volvulus in Cattle Abomasal displacement and volvulus are common disorders of high-producing dairy cattle. Clinical signs include anorexia and decreased milk production. With abomasal volvulus, clinical deterioration... read more

Both metabolic and nutritional causes; feeding should be to prevent ketosis and stimulate high dry-matter intakes; both pre- and postpartum diets are important in management; hypocalcemia and subclinical ketosis are predisposing issues

Fatty liver Fatty Liver Disease of Cattle Fatty liver disease is a disorder of highly productive dairy cows resulting from an excessive negative energy balance at the onset of lactation. Mobilization of large amounts of body fat reserves... read more

Excess body condition during late lactation or during the dry period accompanied by poor feed intake in late gestation and early lactation

Inappetence (off feed)

Many nutritional deficiencies (protein, mineral, and vitamin) eventually result in reduced feed intake

Infertility

Energy is the most clearly associated nutrient; insufficiencies of carotene or manganese may affect ovarian function

Laminitis Laminitis in Cattle Equine and bovine laminitis are distinctly different. Although acute laminitis occurs in both species and can be caused by grain overload, other etiologies can affect the equine laminae. A major... read more

Chronic or acute laminitis and their sequelae are thought to result from diets with high concentrations of nonstructural (sugar and starches) carbohydrates; excessive hindgut fermentation of dietary nonstructural carbohydrates (bypass starch sources)

Pica and dirt eating

Common causes are not well determined; sodium deficiency, potentially phosphorus deficiency, low-fiber diets implicated

Retained fetal membranes Retained Fetal Membranes in Large Animals (Retained Placenta)

A range of nutritional deficiencies resulting in compromised immune function are predisposing; prepartum negative energy/protein balance leading to metabolic issues

Rumen acidosis, acute clinical

Usually associated with major errors or inconsistencies in feed delivery in which high starch intake occurs in cattle unaccustomed to such diets; associated with formation of lactic acid in the rumen with severe drops in rumen pH

Skin problems

Problems such as dull, brittle coats, hypotrichia, easily depilated hair, hyperkeratosis, thin skin, and poor healing may be associated with nutritional problems; deficiencies of vitamin A, copper and zinc, generalized protein-calorie malnutrition

Suppressed immunity

Generalized immunosuppression, including both cellular and humoral immunity, may occur due to malnutrition; specific nutrient deficiencies include vitamin A, vitamin E, zinc, copper, and selenium; also generalized protein-calorie malnutrition

Urolithiasis Urolithiasis in Horses Obstructive urolithiasis is relatively uncommon in horses and affects primarily older animals. Calcium carbonate stones are the most common type. Clinical signs include dysuria, pollakiuria... read more

Diets with high phosphorus and relatively low calcium and high potassium inducing alkaline urine (struvite); vitamin A deficiency may be predisposing; low fiber concentrations minimizing saliva flow may be predisposing; high intake of oxalates, silicates or calcium may predispose to other calculi types

White muscle disease Nutritional Myodegeneration Young Boer goat kid with white muscle disease. The patient can move its legs normally but is too weak to stand. CK and AST concentrations were elevated on serum biochemical evaluation. The goat... read more (nutritional myodegeneration)

Dietary deficiency of selenium or vitamin E