honeypot link
skip to main content
MSD MANUAL
Veterinary Manual
VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS
PET OWNERS
RESOURCES
QUIZZES
ABOUT
VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS
PET OWNERS
<
Pet Owners Overview
Dog Owners
Expand all
Collapse all
Introduction to Dogs
Description of Dogs
What Size Are Most Dogs?
How Long Do Dogs Live?
How Do Dogs Stay Warm or Cool?
Do Dogs Have the Same Senses as People?
How Do Dogs Walk and Run?
Will a Dog’s Nails Scratch Me?
Is Dog Hair Like Human Hair?
How Many Teeth Does a Dog Have?
How Do Dogs Digest Food?
Why Do Dogs Sometimes "Scoot" on the Ground?
Selecting and Providing a Home for a Dog
Selecting a Dog
What Type of Dog Is Right for Me?
Does a Dog's Size Matter?
How Do Dogs Do With Children?
Does Where I Live Matter?
Should I Get a Puppy or an Older Dog?
Where Should I Get My Dog?
What Questions Should I Ask?
What Should I Look for in a Particular Dog?
Providing a Home for a Dog
How Much Work is a Dog?
Will I Need a Dog Bed or a Crate?
Do I Keep My Dog Outside?
What Do I Feed My Dog?
How Much Exercise Will My Dog Need?
Will a Dog Have Behavior Problems?
Routine Care of Dogs
Routine Health Care of Dogs
How Often Should My Dog See a Veterinarian?
How Can I Tell If My Dog Is Sick?
How Do I Give My Dog Medicine?
Does My Dog Need Vaccines?
Can My Dog Get Parasites?
Should I Brush My Dog’s Teeth?
Should I Brush My Dog’s Hair?
Does My Dog Need to Be Spayed or Neutered?
How Do I Make My House Safe for a Dog?
Puppy Care
Does My Puppy Need Vaccines?
Will My Puppy Get Worms?
What Should I Feed My Puppy?
How Do I Train My Puppy?
Behavior of Dogs
Introduction to Behavior of Dogs
Diagnosing Behavior Problems in Dogs
Defining the Problem
Treatment of Behavior Problems in Dogs
Behavior Modification in Dogs
Behavior Modification Techniques
Use of Medication to Treat Behavior Problems
Normal Social Behavior in Dogs
Counseling to Prevent Undesirable Behavior
Behavior Problems in Dogs
Behavior Problems Associated with Aggression in Dogs
Treatment
Behavior Problems Associated with Elimination
Treatment
Other Canine Behavior Problems
Blood Disorders of Dogs
Introduction to Blood Disorders of Dogs
For More Information
Red Blood Cells of Dogs
For More Information
White Blood Cells of Dogs
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
For More Information
Platelets of Dogs
For More Information
Blood Groups and Blood Transfusions in Dogs
Blood Transfusions
For More Information
Anemia in Dogs
Signs and Diagnosis
Blood Loss Anemia
Hemolytic Anemia
Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Alloimmune Hemolysis
Microangiopathic Hemolysis
Metabolic Causes of Hemolysis
Toxins (Drugs, Plants, Chemicals)
Infections
Inherited Diseases
Nonregenerative Anemias
Nutritional Deficiencies
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Kidney Disease
Bone Marrow Diseases
For More Information
Blood Parasites of Dogs
Babesiosis
Hemotropic Mycoplasmas (Hemoplasmas)
Hepatozoonosis
American Canine Hepatozoonosis
African Tsetse-transmitted Trypanosomiasis
Surra (
Trypanosoma evansi
Infection)
Chagas’ Disease (
Trypanosoma cruzi
Infection)
For More Information
Bleeding Disorders of Dogs
Congenital Clotting Protein Disorders
Acquired Clotting Protein Disorders
Platelet Disorders
Congenital Thrombocytopenia
Acquired Thrombocytopenia
Congenital Platelet Function Disorders
Acquired Platelet Function Disorders
Blood Vessel Disorders
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Canine Herpesvirus
Blood Clotting Disorders
For More Information
White Blood Cell Disorders of Dogs
Disorders Related to Increased or Decreased White Blood Cells
Leukemia and Lymphoma
Gray Collie Syndrome
Pelger-Huët Anomaly
For More Information
Erythrocytosis and Polycythemia in Dogs
For More Information
Malignant Lymphoma in Dogs
Treatment and Outlook
For More Information
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders of Dogs
Introduction to Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders of Dogs
Components of the Musculoskeletal System in Dogs
Overview of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Diseases in Dogs
Lameness in Dogs
The Lameness Examination
Imaging Techniques
Pain Management
Congenital and Inherited Disorders of Bones, Joints, and Muscles in Dogs
Dyschondroplasia
Dystrophy-like Myopathies
Glycogen Storage Disease (Glycogenosis)
Hip Dysplasia
Osteochondrosis
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteopetrosis
Other Congenital and Inherited Musculoskeletal Disorders of Dogs
Disorders Associated with Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D in Dogs
Rickets
Adult Rickets (Osteomalacia)
Rubber Jaw Syndrome (Fibrous Osteodystrophy)
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism due to Kidney Disease
Hypoparathyroidism
For More Information
Other Joint Disorders in Dogs
Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head (Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease)
Displacement of the Kneecap
Osteochondrosis
Elbow Dysplasia
Septic Arthritis
Immune-mediated Arthritis
Cancerous Arthritis
Joint Trauma
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Tear
Dislocation and Fracture of the Ankle
Dislocation of the Elbow
Dislocation of the Hip
Joint Fractures
Palmar Carpal Ligament Breakdown
For More Information
Muscle Disorders in Dogs
Labrador Retriever Myopathy
Great Dane Myopathy
Fibrotic Myopathy
Myositis Ossificans
Polymyositis
Masticatory Myositis
Malignant Hyperthermia
Exertional Myopathy (Rhabdomyolysis)
Muscular or Tendon Trauma
Abnormal Contracture of the Shoulder Muscle
Inflammation of the Biceps Brachii Tendon and Its Covering
Achilles Tendon Disruption (Dropped Hock)
Iliopsoas Muscle Trauma
Muscle Tumors
For More Information
Bone Disorders in Dogs
Developmental Bone Disorders
Angular Limb Deformities
Craniomandibular Osteopathy
Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy
Osteochondromatosis (Multiple Exostoses)
Panosteitis
Retained Ulnar Cartilage Cores
Osteomyelitis
Hypertrophic Osteopathy
Nutritional Osteopathies
Bone Tumors
Bone Fractures
For More Information
Sarcocystosis in Dogs
For More Information
Hip Dysplasia
For More Information
Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease)
For More Information
Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders of Dogs
The Nervous System of Dogs
For More Information
Parts of the Nervous System in Dogs
Neurons
Types of Neurons
Nervous System Disorders and Effects of Injuries in Dogs
Mechanisms of Disease
Tumors of the Nervous System
For More Information
The Neurologic Evaluation of Dogs
The Neurologic Examination
Evaluation of the Head and Cranial Nerves
Evaluation of Gait (Walking)
Evaluation of the Neck and Front Legs
Evaluation of the Torso, Hind Legs, Anus, and Tail
Laboratory Tests and Imaging
For More Information
Principles of Therapy of the Nervous System in Dogs
Nursing Care
For More Information
Congenital and Inherited Disorders of the Nervous System in Dogs
Forebrain Disorders
Cerebellar Disorders
Brain Stem Disorders
Spinal Cord Disorders
Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Disorders
Multifocal Disorders
Miscellaneous Birth Defects
For More Information
Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Dogs
Degenerative Diseases
Inflammatory Disorders
Metabolic Disorders
Tumors
Toxic Disorders
Injury and Trauma
Blood Vessel Disorders
For More Information
Disorders of the Spinal Column and Cord in Dogs
Degenerative Diseases
Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases
Bacterial Diseases
Rickettsial Diseases
Viral Diseases
Fungal Diseases
Protozoal Diseases
Parasitic Diseases
Inflammatory Diseases of Unknown Cause
Tumors
Nutritional Disorders
Injury and Trauma
Poisoning and Toxic Disorders
Blood Vessel Diseases
For More Information
Dysautonomia in Dogs
Facial Paralysis in Dogs
For More Information
Central Nervous System Disorders Caused by Parasites in Dogs
Tapeworms
Flukes
Roundworms
Disease Caused by Insects
For More Information
Leg Paralysis in Dogs
Paralysis from Tumors
For More Information
Meningitis and Encephalitis in Dogs
For More Information
Motion Sickness in Dogs
For More Information
Rabies in Dogs
Signs and Diagnosis
Control of Rabies
Management of Suspected Rabies Cases
Risk of Passing Rabies to People
For More Information
Tick Paralysis in Dogs
For More Information
Digestive Disorders of Dogs
Introduction to Digestive Disorders of Dogs
General Signs of Digestive System Disorders
Examination of the Digestive System
Infectious Diseases
Noninfectious Diseases
Treatment Overview of Digestive System Disorders
Treatment and Control of Infectious Disease
For More Information
Congenital and Inherited Disorders of the Digestive System of Dogs
Mouth
Teeth
Cysts of the Head and Neck
Esophagus
Hernias
Stomach
Small and Large Intestine
Liver
For More Information
Dental Development of Dogs
Estimation of Age by Examination of the Teeth
For More Information
Dental Disorders of Dogs
Gum Disease
Gingivitis
Periodontitis
Prevention
Endodontic Disease
Developmental Abnormalities
Unerupted Teeth
Improper Bite
Enamel Defects
Trauma to the Face and Jaw
Tooth Decay (Cavities)
For More Information
Disorders of the Mouth in Dogs
Oral Inflammatory and Ulcerative Diseases
Canine Stomatitis
Lip Disorders
Fungal Stomatitis
Trenchmouth(Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis)
Inflammation of the Tongue
Soft Tissue Trauma
Cheek Biting
Mouth Burns
Viral Warts and Papillomas
Oral Tumors
Benign Tumors
Malignant Tumors
Salivary Disorders
Excessive Salivation (Ptyalism)
Salivary Mucocele
Salivary Fistula
Salivary Gland Tumors
Inflammation of the Salivary Glands
Sialadenosis in Dogs
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia in Dogs
Dry Mouth (Xerostomia)
For More Information
Disorders of the Pharynx (Throat) in Dogs
For More Information
Disorders of the Esophagus in Dogs
Disorders of Swallowing (Cricopharyngeal Achalasia)
Expansion of the Esophagus (Megaesophagus)
Esophageal Dysmotility in Dogs
Esophageal Strictures
Inflammation of the Esophagus (Esophagitis)
Foreign Objects in the Esophagus
Esophageal Diverticula
Brochoesophageal Fistula in Dogs
For More Information
Vomiting in Dogs
Acute (Short-term) Vomiting
Chronic (Long-term) Vomiting
Disorders of the Stomach and Intestines in Dogs
Canine Parvovirus
Treatment and Control
Inflammation of the Large Intestine (Colitis)
Constipation
Bloat
Inflammation of the Stomach (Gastritis)
Cancers of the Digestive System
Gastrointestinal Obstruction
Gastrointestinal Ulcers
Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Malabsorption
For More Information
Disorders Caused by Bacteria in the Digestive System of Dogs
Campylobacter
Infection
Helicobacter
Infection
Salmonella
Infection
Tyzzer Disease
Gastrointestinal Parasites of Dogs
Roundworms
Hookworms
Whipworms
Tapeworms
Flukes
Intestinal Flukes
Liver Flukes
For More Information
Disorders Caused by Protozoa in the Digestive System of Dogs
Amebiasis
Coccidiosis
Giardiasis
Pancreatitis and Other Disorders of the Pancreas in Dogs
Inflammation of the Pancreas (Pancreatitis)
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
Pancreatic Tumors
Pancreatic Adenomas
Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas
Pancreatic Abscesses
Pancreatic Pseudocyst
For More Information
Disorders of the Liver and Gallbladder in Dogs
Acute Liver Failure
Complications of Liver Disease
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Ascites
Clotting Defects
Bacterial Infections
Fibrosis
Portosystemic Shunts and Other Vessel Abnormalities
Poisons Affecting the Liver
Infectious Diseases of the Liver
Canine Chronic Hepatitis
Canine Cholangiohepatitis
Endocrine Diseases Affecting the Liver
Liver Cysts and Nodular Hyperplasia
Canine Vacuolar Hepatopathy
Hepatocutaneous Syndrome in Dogs
Cancers of the Liver
Other Liver Diseases
Glycogen Storage Disease
Hepatic Amyloidosis
Diseases of the Gallbladder and Bile Duct
Obstruction of the Bile Duct
Inflammation of the Gallbladder (Cholecystitis)
Gallbladder Mucocele in Dogs
Gallstones
Rupture of the Gallbladder or Bile Duct
For More Information
Disorders of the Rectum and Anus in Dogs
Anal Sac Disease
Perianal Fistula
Perianal Tumors
Perineal Hernia
Rectal and Anorectal Narrowing (Strictures)
Rectal Tumors
Rectal Polyps
Rectal Prolapse
Rectal Tears
For More Information
Ear Disorders of Dogs
Ear Structure and Function in Dogs
Physical Examination of the Ear
For More Information
Deafness in Dogs
Disorders of the Outer Ear in Dogs
Canine Juvenile Cellulitis
Allergies
Contact Dermatitis of the Ear
Ear Hematomas
Insect Bites
Frostbite
Hair Loss
Immune-mediated Diseases
Mange
Seborrhea
Sebaceous Adenitis
Proliferative Thrombovascular Necrosis of the Pinnae
Auricular Chondritis
Vasculitis
Canine Sterile Nodular Granulomatous Dermatitis of the Pinna
Ticks
For More Information
Ear Infections and Otitis Externa in Dogs
Treatment
Preventive Care
For More Information
Otitis Media and Interna in Dogs
Treatment
Tumors of the Ear Canal in Dogs
Earwax Gland Tumors
Eye Disorders of Dogs
Eye Structure and Function in Dogs
Physical Examination of the Eye
For More Information
Disorders of the Eyelids in Dogs
Entropion
Ectropion
Lagophthalmos
Abnormalities of the Eyelashes
Inflammation of the Eyelids (Blepharitis)
For More Information
Disorders of the Nasal Cavity and Tear Ducts in Dogs
Cherry Eye (Prolapsed Nictitans Gland)
Inflammation of the Tear Sac (Dacryocystitis)
Absence of Nasal Tear Duct Openings
Dry Eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca, or KCS)
For More Information
Disorders of the Conjunctiva in Dogs
Ruptured Blood Vessels (Subconjunctival Hemorrhage)
Swelling of Conjunctival Tissue (Chemosis)
Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
For More Information
Disorders of the Cornea in Dogs
Inflammation of the Outer Cornea
Inflammation within the Cornea
Corneal Ulcers (Ulcerative Keratitis)
Corneal Deterioration
For More Information
Disorders of the Anterior Uvea in Dogs
Persistent Membranes across the Pupil
Atrophy of the Iris
Cysts of the Iris
Iris Coloboma
Inflammation of the Anterior Uvea
Hyphema (Bleeding Within the Eyeball)
For More Information
Glaucoma in Dogs
Disorders of the Lens in Dogs
Cataracts
Lens Displacement
For More Information
Disorders of the Retina, Choroid, and Optic Disk (Ocular Fundus) in Dogs
Inherited Diseases of the Retina
Collie Eye Anomaly
Abnormal Development of the Retina (Retinal Dysplasia)
Progressive Retinal Atrophy
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Dystrophy (Central Progressive Retinal Atrophy)
Inflammation of the Retina and Choroid (Chorioretinitis)
Retinal Detachments
For More Information
Disorders of the Optic Nerve in Dogs
Optic Neuritis
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia
Papilledema
Optic Atrophy
For More Information
Disorders of the Orbit in Dogs
Prolapse of the Eye in Dogs
Eyeworm Disease (Thelaziasis) in Dogs
Cancers and Tumors of the Eye in Dogs
Eye Disorders Resulting from Generalized Diseases
Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders of Dogs
Introduction to Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders in Dogs
Heart Rate
Heart Sounds and Murmurs
Arrhythmias
Pulse
For More Information
Heart Disease in Dogs
Abnormalities of the Cardiovascular System
Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease in Dogs
General Signs of Cardiovascular Disease
For More Information
Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Dogs
Common Types of Drugs for Cardiovascular Disease
Congenital and Inherited Disorders of the Cardiovascular System in Dogs
Detecting Congenital Heart Defects
General Treatment and Outlook
Innocent Murmurs
Common Congenital Heart Abnormalities
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Pulmonic Stenosis
Aortic Stenosis
Persistent Right Aortic Arch
Ventricular Septal Defects
Tetralogy of Fallot
Atrial Septal Defects
Mitral Valve Dysplasia
Mitral Stenosis
Tricuspid Dysplasia
Hernias Between the Abdomen and Membrane Surrounding the Heart
Cor Triatriatum Dexter
For More Information
Heart Failure in Dogs
Types of Heart Failure
Compensatory Mechanisms
Cardiac Biomarkers
Signs of Heart Failure
Treatment
Drugs
Nutrition
Other Treatments
For More Information
Acquired Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders in Dogs
Degenerative Valve Disease
Disorders of the Heart Muscle (Cardiomyopathy)
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Myocarditis
Other Causes of Heart Muscle Failure
Infective Endocarditis
Treatment and Prevention
Pericardial Disease
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
For More Information
Blood Clots and Aneurysms in Dogs
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment
For More Information
Heartworm Disease in Dogs
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
For More Information
Hormonal Disorders of Dogs
Introduction to Hormonal Disorders of Dogs
Development of Endocrine System Disease
Treatment of Endocrine System Disease
For More Information
Disorders of the Adrenal Glands in Dogs
Cushing Disease
Addison Disease
Pheochromocytomas
For More Information
Disorders of the Pancreas in Dogs
Diabetes Mellitus
Functional Islet Cell Tumors (Insulinomas)
Gastrin-secreting Islet Cell Tumors (Gastrinomas)
For More Information
Disorders of the Parathyroid Glands and of Calcium Metabolism in Dogs
Calcium-regulating Hormones
Hypercalcemia (High Blood Calcium Levels)
Hypocalcemia (Low Blood Calcium Levels)
For More Information
Disorders of the Pituitary Gland in Dogs
Cushing Disease
Adult-onset Panhypopituitarism
Juvenile-onset Panhypopituitarism (Pituitary Dwarfism)
Diabetes Insipidus
For More Information
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland in Dogs
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
For More Information
Neuroendocrine Tissue Tumors in Dogs
For More Information
Immune Disorders of Dogs
The Immune System of Dogs
Immune System Responses in Dogs
Physical Barriers
Nonspecific Immunity
Specific Immunity
Mounting an Immune Response
Types of Immune System Disorders
Type I Reactions (Anaphylaxis)
Type II Reactions (Antibody-mediated Cytotoxic Reactions)
Type III Reactions (Immune Complex Disease)
Type IV Reactions (Cell-mediated Reactions)
For More Information
Disorders Involving Anaphylactic Reactions (Type I Reactions, Atopy) in Dogs
Anaphylactic Shock
Hives and Swelling
Allergic Rhinitis (Nasal Allergies)
Chronic Allergic Bronchitis
Eosinophilic Bronchopneumopathy (formerly known as PIE Syndrome [Pulmonary Infiltration with Eosinophilia])
Food Allergies
Skin Allergies (Atopy)
For More Information
Disorders Involving Cytotoxic Antibodies (Type II Reactions) in Dogs
Immune-mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Immune-mediated Thrombocytopenia
Autoimmune Skin Disorders
Myasthenia Gravis
For More Information
Disorders Involving Immune Complexes (Type III Reactions) in Dogs
Glomerulonephritis
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus)
Vasculitis
Anterior Uveitis
Immune-mediated Arthritis
Immune-mediated Meningitis
For More Information
Disorders Involving Cell-mediated Immunity (Type IV Reactions) in Dogs
Granulomatous Reactions
Old Dog Encephalitis
Contact Hypersensitivity
Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Dry Eye (Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca, Keratitis Sicca)
For More Information
Immune-deficiency Diseases in Dogs
Deficiencies in Phagocytosis
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
Complement Deficiency
Immunoglobulin (Antibody) Deficiency
Combined Immunodeficiency Disease
Selective Immunodeficiencies
Immunodeficiencies Caused by Viruses
For More Information
Immune System Tumors in Dogs
For More Information
Gammopathies in Dogs
Kidney and Urinary Tract Disorders of Dogs
The Urinary System of Dogs
Detecting Disorders of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract in Dogs
Congenital and Inherited Disorders of the Urinary System in Dogs
Disorders of the Kidneys
Kidney Malformations
Failure to Develop
Polycystic Kidneys
Simple Kidney Cysts
Other Kidney Disorders
Disorders of the Ureters
Ectopic Ureter
Other Disorders of the Ureter
Disorders of the Bladder
Urachal Remnants
Other Disorders of the Bladder
Disorders of the Urethra
Hypospadias
Urethrorectal and Rectovaginal Fistulas
For More Information
Infectious Diseases of the Urinary System in Dogs
Bladder Infection
Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis)
Interstitial Nephritis
Capillaria plica
Infection
Giant Kidney Worm Infection
For More Information
Noninfectious Diseases of the Urinary System in Dogs
Kidney Dysfunction
Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Failure
Acute Kidney Injury
Glomerular Disease
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment and Outlook
Renal Tubular Problems
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Fanconi Syndrome
Obstructions of the Urinary Tract
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment
Tumors
Kidney Tumors
Lower Urinary Tract Tumors
Problems with Urination
Problems with Urine Storage
Problems with Urine Elimination
Neurologic Problems
Diagnosis and Treatment of Urination Problems
Urinary Stones (Uroliths, Calculi)
Urethral Obstruction
For More Information
Lung and Airway Disorders of Dogs
Introduction to Lung and Airway Disorders of Dogs
Causes of Lung and Airway Disorders
Diagnosing Lung and Airway Disorders
Control of Respiratory Conditions
General Treatment of Lung and Airway Disorders
For More Information
Accumulation of Fluid or Air in the Chest Cavity in Dogs
Allergic Pneumonitis in Dogs
Bronchitis in Dogs
Cancers and Tumors of the Lung and Airway in Dogs
Tumors of the Nose and Sinuses
Tumors of the Larynx and Trachea
Primary Lung Tumors
Metastatic Lung Tumors
For More Information
Canine Nasal Mites
Diaphragmatic Hernia in Dogs
Emphysema in Dogs
Kennel Cough (Infectious Tracheobronchitis) in Dogs
Laryngitis in Dogs
Lung Flukes in Dogs
Lungworm Infection in Dogs
Other Lungworms
For More Information
Paralysis of the Larynx in Dogs
Pharyngitis in Dogs
Pneumonia in Dogs
Aspiration Pneumonia
Fungal Pneumonia
For More Information
Pulmonary Edema in Dogs
Rhinitis and Sinusitis in Dogs
Tonsillitis in Dogs
Tracheal Collapse in Dogs
Tracheobronchitis (Bronchitis) in Dogs
Infectious Tracheobronchitis of Dogs (Kennel Cough)
For More Information
Canine Influenza (Flu)
Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Dogs
Metabolic Disorders of Dogs
Introduction to Metabolic Disorders of Dogs
Metabolic Storage Disorders
Production-related Metabolic Disorders
For More Information
Disorders of Calcium Metabolism in Dogs
Puerperal Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia in Critically Ill or Injured Dogs
For More Information
Disorders of Magnesium Metabolism in Dogs
Fatigue and Exercise in Dogs
Fever of Unknown Origin in Dogs
Body Temperature Regulation
Diagnosis
Treatment
For More Information
Malignant Hyperthermia in Dogs
Treatment and Prevention
Reproductive Disorders of Dogs
Introduction to Reproductive Disorders of Dogs
The Gonads and Genital Tract of Dogs
The Ovaries
The Testes
The Female Genital Tract
The Male Genital Tract
For More Information
Management of Reproduction in Dogs
Pregnancy and Delivery
Problems Associated with Delivery
For More Information
Infertility in Dogs
Reproductive Disorders of Male Dogs
Cryptorchidism
Inflammation of the Testes and Epididymis
Inflammation of the Penis and Prepuce (Balanoposthitis)
Paraphimosis
Priapism
Phimosis
Disorders of the Prostate
Enlargement of the Prostate (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
Prostatitis
Prostatic and Paraprostatic Cysts
Prostate Cancer
For More Information
Reproductive Disorders of Female Dogs
Abnormal or Difficult Birth (Dystocia)
False Pregnancy (Pseudopregnancy)
Follicular Cysts
Mastitis
Metritis
Ovarian Remnant Syndrome
Pyometra
Subinvolution of Placental Sites
Vaginal Overgrowth (Vaginal Prolapse, Vaginal Hyperplasia)
Vaginitis
For More Information
Mammary (Breast) Tumors in Dogs
Brucellosis in Dogs
Transmissible Venereal Tumor in Dogs
Skin Disorders of Dogs
Structure of the Skin in Dogs
Epidermis
Basement Membrane Zone
Dermis
Skin Appendages
Subcutis
For More Information
Dermatitis and Dermatologic Problems in Dogs
Diagnosis of Skin Disorders in Dogs
Treatment of Skin Disorders in Dogs
Congenital and Inherited Skin Disorders in Dogs
Congenital Skin Disorders
Hereditary Hair Loss (Alopecia)
Abnormal Skin Growth Syndromes (Hyperplastic and Seborrheic Syndromes)
Pigmentary Abnormalities
Defects of Structural Integrity
Multisystem Disorders that Affect the Skin
Congenital and Inherited Skin Tumors
For More Information
Allergies in Dogs
Airborne Allergies (Atopy or Canine Atopic Dermatitis)
Food Allergies
For More Information
Abscesses Between the Toes (Interdigital Furunculosis) in Dogs
Dermatophilosis in Dogs
Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex in Dogs
Fleas of Dogs
Transmission and Life Cycle
Flea Allergy Dermatitis
Flea Control Methods
For More Information
Flies and Mosquitoes of Dogs
Biting Midges
Black Flies
Bot Fly Larvae Infestation (Grubs, Cuterebriasis)
Eye Gnats
Horse Flies, Deer Flies, and Other Flies of Large Animals
Maggots (Myiasis, Fly Strike)
Screwworms
Mosquitoes
Sand Flies
Stable Flies
Tsetse Flies
For More Information
Hair Loss (Alopecia) in Dogs
Hives and Rashes (Urticaria) in Dogs
Hygromas in Dogs
Hyperpigmentation (Acanthosis Nigricans) in Dogs
Itching (Pruritus) in Dogs
Lice of Dogs
Mite Infestation (Mange, Acariasis, Scabies) in Dogs
Canine Scabies (Sarcoptic Mange)
Ear Mites (Otodectic Mange)
Walking Dandruff (Cheyletiellosis)
Canine Demodicosis
Trombiculosis
For More Information
Nasal Dermatoses in Dogs
Parasitic Worms of the Skin in Dogs
Dracunculus
Infection
Pelodera
Dermatitis
For More Information
Photosensitization in Dogs
Pyoderma in Dogs
Ringworm (Dermatophytosis) in Dogs
Seborrhea in Dogs
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment
For More Information
Ticks of Dogs
For More Information
Tumors of the Skin in Dogs
Apocrine Gland Tumors of the Anal Sac
Basal Cell Tumors and Carcinomas
Benign Fibroblastic Tumors
Benign, Nonviral, Wart-like Tumors
Blood Vessel Tumors
Cornifying Epitheliomas
Hair Follicle Tumors
Histiocytic Cell Tumors
Keratinized Skin Cysts
Lipomas and Liposarcomas
Lymphoid Tumors of the Skin
Mast Cell Tumors
Melanomas
Perianal (Hepatoid) Gland Tumors
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Sebaceous Gland Tumors
Smooth Muscle Tumors of the Skin
Soft Tissue Giant Cell Tumors (Fibrous Histiocytomas)
Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Sweat Gland Tumors
Tumors Originating Outside the Skin (Metastatic Tumors)
Undifferentiated and Anaplastic Sarcomas
Warts (Papillomas)
For More Information
Whole-body Disorders that Affect the Skin in Dogs
Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems of Dogs
Introduction to Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems of Dogs
Congenital and Inherited Disorders Affecting Multiple Body Systems of Dogs
Genetic Factors
Environmental Factors
Actinobacillosis in Dogs
Actinomycosis in Dogs
Amyloidosis in Dogs
Anthrax in Dogs
Botulism in Dogs
Canine Distemper (Hardpad Disease)
Canine Herpesvirus
Ehrlichiosis and Related Infections in Dogs
Enterotoxemia in Dogs
Fungal Infections in Dogs
Aspergillosis
Nasal Aspergillosis
Disseminated Aspergillosis
Candidiasis
Coccidioidomycosis (Valley Fever)
Cryptococcosis
Geotrichosis
Histoplasmosis
Mycetomas
Blastomycosis
Oomycosis (Pythiosis and Lagenidiosis)
Phaeohyphomycosis
Rhinosporidiosis
Sporotrichosis
For More Information
Glanders (Farcy) in Dogs
Infectious Canine Hepatitis
Leishmaniosis (Visceral Leishmaniasis) in Dogs
Leptospirosis in Dogs
Lyme Disease (Lyme Borreliosis) in Dogs
Melioidosis in Dogs
Neosporosis in Dogs
Nocardiosis in Dogs
Peritonitis in Dogs
Plague in Dogs
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Tick Fever) in Dogs
Salmon Poisoning Disease and Elokomin Fluke Fever in Dogs
Tetanus in Dogs
Toxoplasmosis in Dogs
Trichinellosis (Trichinosis) in Dogs
Tuberculosis in Dogs
Tularemia (Rabbit Fever) in Dogs
